Needle valve coupling is a device used to monitor and control fluid medium leakage, which has been widely used in petroleum, chemical and other fields. At present, the leakage detection methods for needle valve couplings mainly include simulation test method and intelligent analysis technology. Because the working environment of diesel engine is relatively bad, and its harm to the environment is also great, it is necessary to avoid high-pressure leakage as much as possible. The purpose of this paper is to improve the test accuracy of the high-pressure leakage of the needle valve coupling parts of diesel engines. This paper mainly uses the test plan design to detect the high-pressure leakage of the diesel engine needle valve coupling parts, and then analyzes the leakage rate of the thermal fluid solid coupling and one-way fluid solid coupling needle valve coupling parts through the comparison method. The experimental data shows that when the pressure reaches 105, the leakage rate of the needle valve coupling reaches 0.053ml/s. Compared with the static experimental results, the thermal fluid solid coupling error and the unidirectional fluid solid coupling error are larger. Therefore, the elastic deformation and thermal deformation of needle valve coupling can not be ignored under high pressure.