Optimization of Pumping Schemes for 160-Gb/s Single-Channel Raman Amplified Systems

Abstract

Abstract-Three different distributed Raman amplification schemes-backward pumping, bidirectional pumping, and second-order pumping-are evaluated numerically for 160-Gb/s single-channel transmission. The same longest transmission distance of 2500 km is achieved for all three pumping methods with a 105-km span composed of superlarge effective area fiber and inverse dispersion fiber. For longest system reach, second-order pumping and backward pumping have larger pump power tolerance than bidirectional pumping, while the optimal span input signal power margin of second-order pumping is the largest and gets 5-dB improvement compared to backward pumping. Span loss tolerance increased to 140 km with more than 2000-km reach. Optimal signal power variation at both ends of the span can provide about 6-dB positive net gain.

Deterministic Raman crosstalk effects in amplified wavelength division multiplexing transmission

“…Furthermore, state-of-the-art transmission experiments already use all-Raman distributed amplification [31][32][33][34][35][36][37], which is the most suitable amplification scheme for conventional solitons.…”