Optimization of refractive index sampling for multichannel fiber Bragg gratings

Buryak, Alexander V.; Kolossovski, Kazimir Y.; Степанов, Д. В.

doi:10.1109/jqe.2002.806202

Cited by 84 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Furthermore, a longer fiber is harder to paste and easier to be influenced by the stress. For the sincsampled fiber Bragg grating, when we fabricate an N-channel grating, the refraction index modulation depth is N times of the single channel' s [11] , which demands a more sensitive fiber, and it is hard to achieve. Therefore, how to get more channels in a shorter fiber is a worthy subject.…”

Section: Fig2 Reflection Spectrum Of the Rectangle-sampled Fiber Bramentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a sinc-sampled fiber Bragg grating fabricated in high birefringence fiber

Bai

Feng

2011

Optoelectron. Lett.

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Tianjin University of Technology and Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2011 C In this paper we design a new kind of sinc-sampled fiber Bragg grating which is fabricated in high birefringence fiber (HBF). The sampled grating has two sets of reflection spectra along two perpendicular polarization directions. The grating's channel number can be doubled approximately by designing the refractive index difference between the fast and slow axes of the fiber, which enhances the utilization ratio and reduces the claim for photosensitivity of the fiber. The group delay characteristics are theoretically studied and side-lobes are depressed by apodization as well to get the optimized spectra. The results show that the comb-like spectra of the grating have promising applications in both multi-wavelength polarized fiber lasers and fiber sensing networks.Due to the advantages of passiveress, multi-channel, narrow bandwidth and uniform channel interval, the sampled fiber Bragg grating (SFBG) has become a key research point of fiber-optic communications [1] and optical fiber sensor network [2] . The basic methods of designing the grating are the sampling method and the reconstruction algorithms [3] , but the utilization ratio of fiber is low and the photosensitivity requirement of fiber is high with these methods. To conquer the disadvantages of them, a multiple-phase-shift (MPS) technique was proposed by Yusuke Nasu and Shinji Yamashita in 2005 [4] , in which multiple phase shifts are introduced in sampled fiber Bragg gratings to realize dense channel spacing. In 2008, Deng Fang [5] proposed a hybrid method for designing multi-channel fiber Bragg gratings, which can reduce the maximum refractive index modulation (MRIM) for 8 channels to approximate 8 times of the single channel. Then in 2009, Navruz [6] proposed two synthesis methods for designing multi-channel sampled gratings with phase-shifts.In this paper, we propose a new multi-channel sincsampled fiber Bragg grating, which is fabricated in high birefringence fiber (HBF). The HBF separates Bragg wavelengths in different polarization directions [7] . So the fabricated grating has two sets of reflective spectra along two perpendicular polarization directions. The spectra will be interleaved with each other by designing the refractive index difference between the fast and slow axes of the fiber, and then the number of grating's channels can be doubled.The SFBG is made by sampling the fiber Bragg grating (FBG). There are many kinds of SFBGs according to different sampling functions. And the rectangle-sampled fiber Bragg grating is the simplest one. The fiber's core structure is shown in Fig.1. Fig.1 Schematic diagram of the rectangle-sampled fiber Bragg gratingIn Fig.1, B is the length of a sampling period, A is the length of the uniform grating area in a sampling period, and B-A is the length of single-mode fiber in the period. Then the duty ratio can be expressed as: P = A/(B -A).According to the coupled-mode theory, in a sampling period, the transfer matrix of the uniform gr...

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Section: Fig2 Reflection Spectrum Of the Rectangle-sampled Fiber Bramentioning

confidence: 99%

Design of a sinc-sampled fiber Bragg grating fabricated in high birefringence fiber

Bai

Feng

2011

Optoelectron. Lett.

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“…The other approach to increasing the bandwidth of a chirped fiber grating is known as sampling [13][14][15][16][17][18]. (See Fig.…”

Section: Fiber Gratings As Dispersion Compensatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For some types of sampling such as on-off, this scaling is linear, meaning that doubling the number of channels requires doubling the index change. However, for other sampling techniques, such as phase optimized [17] or phase only [18], the scaling can be improved to square root of the number of channels. Thus doubling the index change would give four times the number of channels.…”

Section: Fiber Gratings As Dispersion Compensatorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As discussed above, for superstructure gratings the magnitude of reflectivity is "shared" between channels and, in order to achieve reflectivity equal to similar singlechannel grating, one must increase the index modulation amplitude by a factor which is of order the number of channels for simple on-off sampled gratings and is of order square root of the number of channels for the phase-modulated superstructure FBG [17,18].…”

Section: Dispersion Compensation Grating Design and Specificationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Fiber-based tunable dispersion compensation

Litchinitser¹,

Sumetsky²,

Westbrook³

2007

J Optic Comm Rep

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Abstract. Tunable dispersion has been implemented in various technology platforms, including fiber gratings, planar waveguides, thin film etalons, and bulk optic technologies. This paper will focus on fiber grating based tunable dispersion compensation, because fiber gratings are at present one of the best developed TDC technologies available. The paper is divided into three parts. In the first part we describe grating based TDC technologies and discuss their advantages and disadvantages. We focus on thermally tuned linearly chirped fiber gratings, as these have to date been the most successful grating technology for 40 Gbit/s. We also compare grating TDCs to two other prominent tunable dispersion technologies: thin film etalons and planar waveguide ring resonators. In the second section we describe the techniques used to fabricate high performance dispersion compensation gratings as well as the theory of the primary defect of fiber grating dispersion compensation: group delay ripple (GDR). In the third section we describe the telecom system related issues for tunable gratings, including characterization of grating performance, tunability requirements and results from actual system trials using tunable FBGs.

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“…However, a predictable number of peaks inside an overall square envelope is still difficult to reach in this case. A lot of work was then performed for optimizing the sampling pattern either in amplitude (Ibsen et al, 1998) and/or in phase (Buryak et al, 2003;Rothenberg et al, 2002). In the case of amplitude optimization, the index modulation amplitude of the sampling was optimized following a Fourier analogy (Ibsen et al, 1998).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Semi-deterministic versus genetic algorithms for global optimisation of multichannel optical filters

Ivorra¹,

Mohammadi²,

Redont³

et al. 2006

IJCSE

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Abstract:A new global optimization algorithm is presented and applied to the design of high-channel-count multichannel filters based on sampled Fiber Bragg Gratings. We focus on the realization of particular designs corresponding to multichannel filters that consist of 16 and 38 totally reflective identical channels spaced 100 GHz. The results are compared with those obtained by a hybrid genetic algorithm and by the classical sinc method.

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Optimization of refractive index sampling for multichannel fiber Bragg gratings

Cited by 84 publications

References 15 publications

Design of a sinc-sampled fiber Bragg grating fabricated in high birefringence fiber

Design of a sinc-sampled fiber Bragg grating fabricated in high birefringence fiber

Fiber-based tunable dispersion compensation

Semi-deterministic versus genetic algorithms for global optimisation of multichannel optical filters

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