Optimization of sonochemical degradation of tetracycline in aqueous solution using sono-activated persulfate process

Abstract

BackgroundIn this study, a central composite design (CCD) was used for modeling and optimizing the operation parameters such as pH, initial tetracycline and persulfate concentration and reaction time on the tetracycline degradation using sono-activated persulfate process. The effect of temperature, degradation kinetics and mineralization, were also investigated.ResultsThe results from CCD indicated that a quadratic model was appropriate to fit the experimental data (p < 0.0001) and maximum degradation of 95.01 % was predicted at pH = 10, persulfate concentration = 4 mM, initial tetracycline concentration = 30.05 mg/L, and reaction time = 119.99 min. Analysis of response surface plots revealed a significant positive effect of pH, persulfate concentration and reaction time, a negative effect of tetracycline concentration. The degradation process followed the pseudo-first-order kinetic. The activation energy value of 32.01 kJ/mol was obtained for US/S2O82- process. Under the optimum condition, the removal efficiency of COD and TOC reached to 72.8 % and 59.7 %, respectively. The changes of UV–Vis spectra during the process was investigated. The possible degradation pathway of tetracycline based on loses of N-methyl, hydroxyl, and amino groups was proposed.ConclusionsThis study indicated that sono-activated persulfate process was found to be a promising method for the degradation of tetracycline.

Degradation of pharmaceuticals by ultrasound-based advanced oxidation process

“…The degradation of amoxicillin and tetracycline was reported by this technique (Novak et al 2012;Safari et al 2015;Wang and Jian 2015). In the case of amoxicillin, the sulfate radicals are produced using ultrasound-activated oxone in the presence of cobalt ion.…”

“…The rate constant for the degradation was increased from 0.0229 to 0.1042 min -1 with the temperature of 25-60°C. The degradation rate was high at alkaline pH and at high persulfate concentration (Safari et al 2015). Similarly, sonochemical degradation studies of tetracycline were carried out in the presence of oxidizing agents such as hydrogen peroxide and persulfate.…”

Kinetic modeling of degradation for alizarin yellow R by the activated persulfate by Fe0 (ZVI) under UV light

“…In recent years, advanced oxidation processes (AOPs) have been utilized commonly for treating organic contaminants with high concentrations. [5,7,8] The most frequently used AOPs are Fenton, Fenton -UV, Fenton-like, photo-catalyst TiO2, O3/UV, which generate extremely reactive hydroxyl radicals for bleaching with E = 2.8 V. [7,8] These radicals oxidize fast and finally arise to the mineralization of toxic organic compounds. The novel AOPs based on activation of persulfate generate free sulfate radicals (SO4  ) with strong oxidation potential E = 2.6 V. [9][10][11][12][13] .…”

Cobalt‐doped biogenic manganese oxides for enhanced tetracycline degradation by activation of peroxymonosulfate

“…The TC residues may promote the appearance of resistant bacterial strains, which has become a threat to human health and ecological environment . Traditional methods including adsorption, membrane separation and biodegradation were hard to generalize, due to the disadvantage of high cost or time‐consuming procedure . Recently, sulfate radical (SO 4 − •) based advanced oxidation process has been applied for elimination of antibiotics residues, especially for TC .…”