Optimization of Sperm Management and Fertilization in Zebrafish (Danio rerio (Hamilton))

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the spontaneous motility of spermatozoa and to optimize sperm collection, short-term sperm storage, and fertilization in zebrafish Danio rerio. The movement of spermatozoon in water was propagated along the flagellum at 16 s after sperm activation then damped from the end of the flagellum for 35 s and fully disappeared at 61 s after activation. For artificial fertilization, milt must be added to an immobilizing solution, which stops the movement of sperm and keeps the sperm motionless until fertilization. E400 and Kurokura as isotonic solutions were shown to be suitable extenders to store sperm for fertilization for 6 h. E400 stored sperm for 12 h at 0–2 °C. Sperm motility decreased only to 36% at 12 h post stripping for the E400 extender and to 19% for the Kurokura extender. To achieve an optimal level of fertilization and swim-up larvae rates, a test tube with a well-defined amount of 6,000,000 spermatozoa in E400 extender per 100 eggs and 100 µL of activation solution has proven to be more successful than using a Petri dish. The highest fertilization and swim-up larvae rates reached 80% and 40–60%, respectively, with milt stored for 1.5 h in the E400 extender at 0–2 °C.

A Review on Environmental Contaminants-Related Fertility Threat in Male Fishes: Effects and Possible Mechanisms of Action Learned from Wildlife and Laboratory Studies

“…Frequent studies have shown that fertilization rate positively correlates with sperm volume, sperm density, number of sperm per oocyte, and density of sperm in the water during fertilization [76][77][78][79][80][81][82][83]. One can weigh semen mass, measure semen volume, or count sperm density to evaluate sperm production.…”