Optimization of Steam Explosion to Enhance Hemicellulose Recovery and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose in Softwoods

Wu, Michael M.; Chang, Kevin; Gregg, David J.; Boussaid, Abdel; Beatson, Rodger P.; Saddler, John N.

doi:10.1007/978-1-4612-1604-9_5

Cited by 36 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The surface of each sample was shaved and smoothed using a sharp blade prior to the SE experiments. During the SE experiments, wood chips were treated with saturated steam at 14 bar for 10 min, which is a moderate operating condition (Wu et al 1999). The conditions were limited by the maximum operating pressure of the SE equipment.…”

Section: Experimental Procedures Sample and Steam Explosion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic study of microstructural deformation and stress in steam-exploded softwood

2017

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Steam explosion pretreatment results in the formation of microcracks in the cell walls of wood. In the present study, steam explosion experiments were performed and structural changes in Norway spruce were identified using scanning electron microscopy. The cellular structure of the softwood spruce was simulated using the finite element method, and the effects of pressure generated during the steam explosion pretreatment on the deformation of the cells were investigated. The simulated model included earlywood, latewood, and ray cells. The effects of bordered and cross-field pits on the stresses in the cell wall were studied as well. Many similarities were observed between the microcracks in the steam-exploded wood and the high-stress regions predicted by the model. The experimental and simulation results showed that the radial cell walls in the earlywood cells experienced major deformation. The presence of the pits created stress localization and facilitated the formation of microcracks in the cell walls.

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Section: Experimental Procedures Sample and Steam Explosion Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanistic study of microstructural deformation and stress in steam-exploded softwood

2017

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“…This concept, can serve as a guide for other substrates although it was shown to vary from one feedstock to another, mostly because of the varying nature and amounts of hemicelluloses found in the biomass (Lavoie et al, 2010a(Lavoie et al, , 2010b(Lavoie et al, , 2010c. Impact of the calculated severity factor has also been reported for other feedstocks as residual cotton and recycled paper (Shen et al, 2008), aspen wood (Li et al, 2005), douglas fir (Wu et al, 1999), from rice husk and straws (Gerardi et al, 1999), from yellow poplar, from peanut hulls and from sugar cane (Glasser et al, 1998). In most of the cases reported previously, the ideal severity factor for the isolation of cellulose and hydrolysis of hemicelluloses was found to be between a severity factor of 3 and 4.…”

Section: Basics Informations About Steam Treatmentsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Biorefining Lignocellulosic Biomass via the Feedstock Impregnation Rapid and Sequential Steam Treatment

Lavoie¹,

Beauchet²,

Berberi³

et al. 2011

Biofuel's Engineering Process Technology

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“…The pretreatments were performed at near optimal conditions that had previously been determined to provide maximum hemicellulose recovery while ensuring effective enzymatic hydrolysis of the cellulose component (steam pretreatment: corn stover [34], Douglas-fir [35], and poplar [36]). After pretreatment, the cellulose rich water insoluble components were washed, filtered and refrigerated for long-term storage.…”

Section: Lignocellulosic Feedstocks and Their Pretreatmentmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Development and Use of an Elisa-Based Method to Follow the Distribution of Cellulase Monocomponents During the Hydrolysis of Pretreated Corn Stover

Pribowo¹,

Hu²,

Arantes³

et al. 2015

Fuel Production From Non-Food Biomass

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Background: It is widely recognised that fast, effective hydrolysis of pretreated lignocellulosic substrates requires the synergistic action of multiple types of hydrolytic and some non-hydrolytic proteins. However, due to the complexity of the enzyme mixture, the enzymes interaction with and interference from the substrate and a lack of specific methods to follow the distribution of individual enzymes during hydrolysis, most of enzyme-substrate interaction studies have used purified enzymes and pure cellulose model substrates. As the enzymes present in a typical "cellulase mixture" need to work cooperatively to achieve effective hydrolysis, the action of one enzyme is likely to influence the behaviour of others. The action of the enzymes will be further influenced by the nature of the lignocellulosic substrate. Therefore, it would be beneficial if a method could be developed that allowed us to follow some of the individual enzymes present in a cellulase mixture during hydrolysis of more commercially realistic biomass substrates. Results: A high throughput immunoassay that could quantitatively and specifically follow individual cellulase enzymes during hydrolysis was developed. Using monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies (MAb and PAb, respectively), a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was developed to specifically quantify cellulase enzymes from Trichoderma reesei: cellobiohydrolase I (Cel7A), cellobiohydrolase II (Cel6A), and endoglucanase I (Cel7B). The interference from substrate materials present in lignocellulosic supernatants could be minimized by dilution. Conclusion: A double-antibody sandwich ELISA was able to detect and quantify individual enzymes when present in cellulase mixtures. The assay was sensitive over a range of relatively low enzyme concentration (0 -1 μg/ml), provided the enzymes were first pH adjusted and heat treated to increase their antigenicity. The immunoassay was employed to quantitatively monitor the adsorption of cellulase monocomponents, Cel7A, Cel6A, and Cel7B, that were present in both Celluclast and Accellerase 1000, during the hydrolysis of steam-pretreated corn stover (SPCS). All three enzymes exhibited different individual adsorption profiles. The specific and quantitative adsorption profiles observed with the ELISA method were in agreement with earlier work where more labour intensive enzyme assay techniques were used.

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Optimization of Steam Explosion to Enhance Hemicellulose Recovery and Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Cellulose in Softwoods

Cited by 36 publications

References 7 publications

Mechanistic study of microstructural deformation and stress in steam-exploded softwood

Mechanistic study of microstructural deformation and stress in steam-exploded softwood

Biorefining Lignocellulosic Biomass via the Feedstock Impregnation Rapid and Sequential Steam Treatment

The Development and Use of an Elisa-Based Method to Follow the Distribution of Cellulase Monocomponents During the Hydrolysis of Pretreated Corn Stover

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