Optimization of Steering Linkage Including the Effect of McPherson Strut Front Suspension

2020

Applied Sciences

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Reliability-based design optimization (RBDO) of a mechanism is normally based on the non-probabilistic model, which is viewed as failure possibility constraints in each optimization loop. It leads to a double-loop nested problem that causes a computationally expensive evaluation. Several methods have been developed to solve the problem, which are expected to increase the realization of optimum results and computational efficiency. The purpose of this paper was to develop a new technique of RBDO that can reduce the complexity of the double-loop nested problem to a single-loop. This involves using a multi-objective evolutionary technique combined with the worst-case scenario and fuzzy sets, known as a multi-objective, reliability-based design optimization (MORBDO). The optimization test problem and a steering linkage design were used to validate the performance of the proposed technique. The proposed technique can reduce the complexity of the design problem, producing results that are more conservative and realizable.

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“…where 6) is computed while the limiting position of steering linkage is our consideration to protect our design result from useless mechanisms [17,33,34].…”

Section: Optimization Design Problem Formulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Nevertheless, it can fulfill the Ackermann principal for only some angles. The McPherson suspension is therefore combined with the steering linkage to achieve a high precision design [28,30,34]. A probability-based reliability technique increased the reliability and precision of the steering linkage design, as proposed in [1].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multi-Objective, Reliability-Based Design Optimization of a Steering Linkage

2020

Applied Sciences

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“…The multi-objective design problems of trusses [27,28] and mechanisms [29,30] have been solved with the hybridisation of real-code population-based incremental learning and differential evolution (RPBIL-DE). This optimizer is found to be one of the high-performance multi-objective optimisers, and is therefore selected to solve our problem in this study.…”

Section: Hybrid Rpbil-de For Multi-objective Optimisationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibration Suppression of a Single-Cylinder Engine by Means of Multi-objective Evolutionary Optimisation

2018

Sustainability

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This paper presents a new design strategy for the passive vibration suppression of a single-cylindrical engine (SCE) through multi-objective evolutionary optimisation. The vibration causes machine damages and human pain, which are unsustainable problemsthat need to be alleviated. Mathematical forced vibration analyses of a single-cylinder engine, including dynamic pressure force due to ignition combustion, are presented. A multi-objective design problem is set to find the shape and size variables of the crank and connecting rod of the engine. The objective functions consist of the minimisation of the crank and connecting rod mass, and the minimisation of vibration response while the SCE is subject to inertial force and pressure force. Moreover, design constraints include crank and rod safety. The design problem is tackled by using an adaptation of a hybrid of multi-objective population-based incremental learning and differential evolution (RPBIL-DE). The optimum results found that the proposed design strategy is a powerful tool for the vibration suppression of SCE.an unconstrained optimisation problem to minimise the transmission of engine vibration due to inertial forces to the supporting structure where the case study is a mounted four-cylinder V-engine rotating at idling speed by an active balancing method. The individual balancing masses and associated phase angles of counter rotating balancing masses were chosen as design variables. Chiou et al. [5] proposed an optimum design in which disk counterweights were added to reduce shaking force and moment of the drag-link drive of mechanical presses. Sleesongsom [6] proposed applying multi-objective optimisation to reduce the engine mount translation and rotation displacements of SCE where the normalised normal constraint method [7], in combination with sequential quadratic programming, is an optimiser. The use of finite element analysis and optimisation codes for connecting rod [8], crankshaft [9], and piston design [10] has been conducted. In addition, the finite element technique has been used to optimise the crankshaft parameters of a single-cylinder motorcycle engine to reduce vibration without considering the gas pressure force inside the combustion chamber [11].The second vibration suppression technique for the engine is vibration isolation. The challenge for designers and engineers is how to properly select vibration isolators in order to minimise the force transmission to the engine base [11][12][13] and the powertrain mounting system [14,15]. Further work focuses on optimisation of engine mounting systems and blocks can be found in References [16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23], while the literature of using meta-heuristic algorithms (MHs) or evolutionary algorithms (EAs) for engine mounting and engine part design can be seen further in Reference [24].Both methods has been studied and used in industry, but the new design technique still lacks development. Recent works of automotive technology have focused on designing the motor of an electric vehicle (EV) t...

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Multi-objective Optimization of a Steering Linkage Using Alternative Objective Functions

Lecture Notes in Computer Science

2019