The issues, problems and techniques concerning the optimization of laminated composites are discussed and specific cases of design optimization are presented. After a general introduction to methods of optimization of composites with emphasis on genetic algorithms, a discussion of design and decision variables is given and problem complexities are highlighted. This is followed by specific examples of composites design under deterministic conditions, and in particular, stiffness and strength optimization, thermal buckling, and optimization with multiple objectives are studied. The design uncertainties are the subject of the separate chapter where design optimization techniques such as convex modelling and anti-optimization are illustrated again by means of specific examples involving uncertain material, load and geometric data. Section 6 provides an overview of the properties and applications of widely used smart materials which is followed by some specific examples of the use of smart materials in vibration control and composite design applications. It is noted that sections 1-5 (except the material on genetic algorithms) are an abridged version of the material in Adali (2003) which is being published in these Lecture Notes with the permission of CRC Press.