Optimization of the active component distribution through the catalyst bed for the case of adiabatic reactor

Heterogeneous catalyst design: Zoned and layered catalysts in diesel vehicle aftertreatment monolith reactors

“…Modelling and experimental results showed that only the catalyst pellets near the inlet of the converter were responsible for light‐off . Other work focusing on non‐uniform catalyst distribution within catalyst pellets and packed beds showed an effect on conversion, selectivity, deactivation, and thermal stability . These studies found that the effectiveness factor is maximized by putting all the catalyst in one location in the pellet, and in a catalyst bed this optimal location changes as a function of reactor length due to reactant concentration gradients along the bed …”

Theoretical analysis of the effect of catalyst mass distribution and operation parameters on the performance of a Pd-based membrane reactor for water–gas shift reaction

“…Recently, some studies have revealed that an axially non-uniform catalyst distribution through the catalyst bed length may also affect considerably the process parameters [21]. It was shown that in the case involving first-order homogeneous and heterogeneous reactions in an isothermal reactor, the uniform distribution of the active component along the catalyst bed was optimal [22].…”

Influences of exhaust gas temperature and flow rate on optimal catalyst activity profiles

“…However, this is inefficient and yet more equipment is essentially required, such as an auxiliary battery, further increasing the price penalty associated with the incorporation of such systems. Another way is to improve the light-off of the catalytic converter using a non-uniform catalyst distribution along the monolith length, and the effect of the non-uniform axial distribution on the catalytic converter performance has been studied for a simple chemical reaction and a specific operating condition [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Oh and Cavendish [4] studied the light-off behavior of three different catalyst distributions, such as uniform, linear increasing and linear decreasing.…”

“…However, an optimal axial catalyst profile has not been identified. In comparison, the optimal catalyst distribution profiles were determined by using different mathematical models and optimization methods [9][10][11][12]. They showed that a high catalyst loading in the monolith upstream reduces significantly the pollutant emissions under certain operating conditions.…”