Optimization of the benzo(A)pyrene determination procedure in cachaça

Abstract

Neste trabalho foi otimizada uma metodologia de rotina para quantificar e confirmar a presença de benzo(a)pireno (BaP) em cachaça. Foram avaliados três procedimentos de extração; um, utilizando extração em fase sólida (EFS) tanto para extração como para purificação e dois, empregando extração líquido-líquido, seguida de limpeza por cromatografia em coluna com sílica gel. O BaP foi quantificado por cromatografia líquida de alta eficiência (CLAE), com detecção por fluorescência e confirmação por cromatografia gasosa com detector de massas. The present study evaluated and optimized a routine method to quantify and confirm BaP in Brazilian sugar cane spirit (cachaça). Three extraction procedures were tested, one using SPE for extraction and clean-up, while two others were liquid-liquid partition extraction followed by silica gel chromatography clean-up. BaP was quantified by high performance liquid chromatography with fluorescence detection and confirmed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. HPLC detection and quantification limits were 0.03 and 0.10 μg L -1 , respectively. The recovery results ranged from 82.9 to 97.0% with coefficients of variation (CV) ranging from 0.5 to 4.9% at concentration levels of 0.1, 1.0 and 3.0 μg L -1 , which are in accordance with those described by other authors. The three procedures were appropriated to quantify BaP in cachaça, although SPE extraction is the cheapest, fastest and the least solvent-consuming. The levels of BaP contamination on twenty cachaça samples ranged from no detected (LOD < 0.03 μg L

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in cachaças packed in bottles of polyethylene terephthalate

“…Studies related to the presence of PAHs in cachaça are incipient, and there is no legislation regulating the presence of these substances in the beverage. However, these compounds have become a target of great concern because of the frequency with which they have been detected in the beverage and the toxic, mutagenic, and carcinogenic potentials of these substances (Caruso & Alaburda, 2009; Dórea et al., 2008).…”

Ultrasound-Assisted Surfactant Enhanced Emulsification Microextraction Method Coupled With Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for the Determination of Selected Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons in Aqueous Samples

“…Liquid-liquid extraction (LLE) [4] and solid phase extraction (SPE) [4,5] are conventional sample preparation methods that have been employed for the determination of PAHs. However, these classical pre-concentration methods involve several phase operations with the consumption of large volumes of toxic organic solvent that lead to environment-unfriendly processes [6].…”

Feasibility of different chemometric techniques to differentiate commercial Brazilian sugarcane spirits based on chemical markers

“…The benzo(a)pyrene (BaP) is a polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon compound that has been considered as carcinogenic to humans (IARC, 2012). Its formation can be associated with the incomplete combustion of organic matter and its presence in cachaças can be explained by several factors: production during the burning of sugarcane; by contamination during the period in which the industrial cachaças are stored in tanks coated with asphalt resins while waiting to be bottled; or by contamination during the aging process in wood casks (previously burned almost up to carbonization) (Caruso & Alaburda, 2009). Although the evaluation of BaP in cachaças is demanding to assure the safety of such products, there is no specific legislation in Brazil regarding the maximum content of BaP in cachaça.…”