Optimization of the Chitinase Production by Different <i>Metarhizium anisopliae</i> Strains under Solid-State Fermentation with Silkworm Chrysalis as Substrate Using CCRD

Abstract

Entomopathogenic fungi, such as Metarhizium anisopliae, are able to control various insect pests. These fungi attack the integument of the host using an enzymatic complex. Among the enzymes found in this complex, chitinase is an important component. However, the relation between the chitinase production and the virulence from different M. anisopliae strains has not been analyzed. In this manuscript it is presented the chitinase production by four M. anisopliae strains with different potential of virulence in Solid-State Fermentation using silkworm chrysalis as substrate. The higher chitinase level was obtained with the strain IBCB 360 (7.14 U/g of substrate) with potential virulence of 68% on Diatrea saccharalis. The enzyme production was optimized for all strains using a factorial planning (CCRD) considering the cultivation time and medium humidity as independent variables. The maximal production of chitinase was obtained at a range from 8 to 12-days old cultures and from 45% to 62% of moisture according to the surface response plot, with high R 2 value. The enzyme production by the strain IBCB 167 was increased two-folds under optimized conditions, while for the strains IBCB 360 and 425 the chitinase production was increased four-folds and nine-folds for the strain IBCB 384.

A novel Thermothelomyces heterothallicus PA2S4T fungus isolated from the soil induces chitinase production using orange peel flour

“…The enzyme showed pH stability for 24 h at pH 4.0 to 5.0, with 100% stable activity at pH 4.5, as shown in Figure 4D. Rustiguel et al (2012) [32] reported that chitinase from entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium anisopliae exhibited thermostability at 50°C and 100% activity at pH 7.…”

“…The temperature and optimal pH of chitinase activity of T. heterothallicus PA2S4T were 50ºC (Figure 4A) and pH 4.5 (Figure 4B), respectively. Similarly, the optimum temperature (50ºC) and the optimum pH in the range from 4.0 to 5.5 were observed for chitinase from M. anisopliae [32]. However, the pH values of B. bassiana chitinases were 5.5, 6.0, and 8.0 for the different isoforms of the enzyme produced by the fungus [38].…”

Solid-State Fermentation: Applications and Future Perspectives for Biostimulant and Biopesticides Production

“…Most of the scientific papers deal with the use of SSF to grow fungi and oomycetes ( Supplementary Table S1 , Refs. [ 93 , 94 , 95 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 100 , 101 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 , 115 , 116 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 , 121 , 122 , 123 , 124 , 125 , 126 , 127 , 128 , 129 , 130 , 131 , 132 , 133 , 134 , 135 , 136 , 137 , 138 , 139 , 140 , 141 , …”

Effect of neutral protease overproduction in Bacillus subtilis 168 via site-directed mutation against Meloidogyne incognita infecting eggplant under greenhouse conditions

“…g-1 fresh weight of leaves) following the method of Vamos-Vigyazo and Nadudvari-Marlcus 37 , β-1,3-glucanase (GLU) (units. g -1 fresh weight of leaves) using the method of Gupta et al (38) , chitinase (39) (units. g-1 fresh weight of leaves), and total phenolic compounds (U/mg) following the assay of Saikia et al (40) .…”