Optimization of the Extraction Conditions of Antioxidant Phenolic Compounds from Strawberry Fruits (Fragaria x ananassa Duch.) Using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

The subject of this study is to determine the best solvent and optimum extraction conditions for the extraction of maximum antioxidant phenolic compounds and antioxidant activity from strawberry fruits ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch .). Extractions were carried out using solvents with different polarities (water, methanol, ethanol, acetonitrile, and acetone). Box-Behnken Design was used to optimize extraction conditions, including extraction time (t), temperature (°C), and liquid/solid (L/S) ratio. In the study, extracts obtained with acetone indicated the highest total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), and antioxidant activity. The optimal extraction conditions for both responses were determined to be time of 17.5 min, temperature 52.5 °C, and liquid/solid ratio of 30:1. The maximum TPC and TFC values were found as 18.78 ± 0.22 mg of gallic acid equivalent (GAE/g) and 10.52 ± 0.35 mg of catechin equivalents (CE/g) under optimum extraction conditions. The results indicated that optimizing extraction conditions is critical for quantifying antioxidant phenolic compounds. The present model can contribute to finding a cheap way of delivering natural antioxidants in the food, cosmeceutical, and pharmaceutical industries. Furthermore, these results indicate that strawberry fruits ( Fragaria x ananassa Duch .) can be a natural food colorant in dietary applications with potential health benefits.

Optimization, Metabolomic Analysis, Antioxidant Potential and Depigmenting Activity of Polyphenolic Compounds from Unmature Ajwa Date Seeds (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Using Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction

“…Ethanol, particularly at 75% concentration, is demonstrated to be the optimal choice due to its compatibility with the solubility of polyphenolic compounds. Notably, aqueous ethanol is favored for its low toxicity and cost-effectiveness, which enhance its efficiency in polyphenolic extraction, as corroborated by recent studies [4]. Figure 1B highlights the impact of the ultrasonic extraction time.…”

“…The conventional one-factor-at-a-time approach to optimization often overlooks the intricate interactions among variables, failing to guarantee optimal conditions and necessitating numerous trials, thereby increasing time, costs, and resource consumption [1]. To address this challenge, statistical methodologies such as the Box-Behnken design (BBD), a component of response surface methodology (RSM), have emerged, enabling the prediction of optimal extraction conditions and the comprehension of the relationships between extraction factors [4]. RSM encompasses a range of statistical and mathematical techniques for optimizing processes influenced by multiple variables, facilitating the development of new products and the enhancement of existing ones.…”

Bioactive Recovery from Watermelon Rind Waste Using Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction

“…In this experiment, three different extraction solvents, namely, acetone, diethyl ether, and chloroform, were used due to the wide range of polarity of phenolics and antioxidant compounds over an 80% solvent concentration and a 10 min sonication time. The selection of solvent can have a significant effect on the performance of phenolic and antioxidant extraction from a complex sample matrix. , The results showed that acetone extract had significantly ( p < 0.05) higher TP, TF, DPPH, and FRAP values compared to other solvents (Figure ). The solubility of phenolic compounds is significantly influenced by the characteristics of the solvent, including its polarity, molecular weight, degree of polymerization, interactions with other food components, and the formation of insoluble complexes.…”

&lt;i&gt;In Vitro&lt;/i&gt; Antioxidant Properties and Interleukin-17 Expression Levels of &lt;i&gt;Eribroma oblongum&lt;/i&gt; (Malvaceae) in Wistar Rats with Atherogenic Diet-Induced Steatotic Liver

“…Flavonoid content was significantly high in EOP. The justification for such results would initially be attributable to the extraction method, as several works have highlighted the role played by certain physicochemical parameters during extraction and in determining the contents of bioactive compounds [22,23]. Indeed, extraction is closely dependent on the polarity of the type of solvent or solvent system used, extraction time, pH, temperature, and even extract composition; other factors such as particle size and the existence of interfering substances can also affect extraction efficiency [22,24].…”