Optimization of the HS-SPME–GC–IT/MS method using a central composite design for volatile carbonyl compounds determination in beers

Insights on beer volatile profile: Optimization of solid-phase microextraction procedure taking advantage of the comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography structured separation

“…In the last two decades SPME has been applied to extract and concentrate beer components, nevertheless, for each SPME experimental parameter, a wide range of conditions have been used [ 4,5,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26][35][36][37][38][39][40]. However, for a beer researcher or analyst is not easy to select SPME procedure based on the current literature [4,5,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26].…”

“…The volatile compounds (or their precursors), arising from raw materials and/or produced during brewing pro-Several approaches have been employed to extract and concentrate beer volatile components, such as LLE [11], simultaneous extraction and distillation [12], SPE [13], SFE [14], gas-diffusion microextraction [15] and more recently SPME [4,5,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Actually, over the last two decades, microextraction techniques, such as SPME, have been developed to promote a rapid and efficient sample preparation [27], and is a solvent-free technique.…”

“…Several experimental parameters can affect the SPME extraction efficiency and reproducibility, thus their optimization should be done before sample characterization: SPME fiber coating, temperature and extraction time, sample volume, stirring, salt addition (salting-out effect), among others [27,28]. Considering beer volatile determination by SPME reported in literature, for each SPME experimental parameter several conditions were used, for instance different fiber coatings, polyacrylate (PA), poly(dimethylsiloxane) (PDMS), carbowax/divinylbenzene (CAR/DVB), poly(dimethylsiloxane)/divinylbenzene (PDMS/DVB), divinylbenzene/carboxen/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (DVB/CAR/PDMS), and carboxen/poly(dimethylsiloxane) (CAR/PDMS), a wide range of extraction temperatures (20-80ЊC) and times (5-90 min) [4,5,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26]. Furthermore, for carbonated beverages, such as beer, decarbonation should be done before volatile components analysis to prevent foam formation, which negatively affects the extraction efficiency and reproducibility.…”

“…1D-GC, usually coupled with MS or flame ionization detection (FID), [4,5,[16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24][25][26] has been used for beer volatile determination. The analytical results provided are often suitable, however, an in-depth chromatogram analysis frequently shows that some peaks are result of two or more co-eluting components.…”

Volatile Compound Profiling in Commercial Lager Regular Beers and Derived Alcohol-Free Beers After Dealcoholization by Vacuum Distillation

“…A large Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s12161-016-0513-7) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users. number of volatile compounds have been identified in beer such as alcohols, esters, acids, aldehydes, ketones, hydrocarbons, ethers, sulfur compounds, alicyclic compounds, aromatic compounds, or heterocyclic compounds Charry-Parra et al 2011;Moreira et al 2013;Riu-Aumatell et al 2014;Rossi et al 2014;Saison et al 2009). …”