Optimization of the Low-Impact Development Facility Area Based on a Surrogate Model

Abstract

Low impact development (LID) facilities are an important element of sponge cities. In this paper, a system of siting suitability indicators was established for three types of LID facility: green roofs, permeable pavement and rain gardens. Based on the superposition analysis tool of ArcGIS, the suitable area and its upper limit of the LID facilities in each sub-catchment were determined respectively. A nonlinear function of the LID deployment area and rainfall characteristics was constructed separately using a multi-layer perceptron (MLP) as a surrogate model. The results showed that: (1) The upper limit of the suitable area for the deployment of green roofs in each sub-catchment ranged from 5.46% to 22.87%. The upper limit of the suitable layout area for permeable pavement was between 8.31% and 23.65%. The maximum percentage of suitable area for rain gardens was between 18.12% and 36.95%. (2) The nal layout scheme of the LID facilities was selected when the total out ow from the sub-catchment was 10,700,000 m 3 , the peak discharge was 3.49 m 3 /s and the total investment in construction and management was 0.76 billion Yuan. (3) The total out ow reduction rate of the sub-catchment under the LID model ranged from 32.15% to 40.29%, and the peak discharge reduction rate ranged from 17.93% to 36.20%. (4) The computation time of the surrogate optimization model could be compressed to 0.37% of that of SWMM violent optimization. The surrogate optimization model had both good convergence measure and diversity measure. This paper provides new ideas for the optimal deployment of LID facilities.

A Study on Plant Selection for Low-Carbon Rain Gardens Based on an AHP-TOPSIS Model

“…To address these issues, the Chinese government launched a program in 2015 to build sponge cities, which can contribute to a more conducive and sustainable future. Implementing lowimpact development measures is crucial in creating sustainable and resilient sponge cities by effectively managing stormwater, protecting water resources, improving water quality, enhancing urban biodiversity, and combating climate change [1]. Policy-makers, urban planners, and communities must recognize the importance of LID measures and prioritize them in their urban development strategies.…”