Optimization of the PD coefficient in a flight simulator control via genetic algorithms

Abstract

In this study the design of motion‐based flight simulators is carried out by specifying the performance required of the motion cueing mechanism, to generate translational and angular motions as a 6–3 Stewart Platform Mechanism (SPM). These motions are intended to approximate the specific forces and angular accelerations encountered by the pilot in the simulated aircraft. Firstly, the dynamics of this 6–3 SPM is given in closed form as in our earlier study. Then, for the control of obtained dynamic model, a leg‐length based PD algorithm is applied. In the optimization of the applied PD algorithm's coefficients, Real Coded Genetic Algorithms are used. So as to have faster and effective system's performance, the fitness function chosen, in Genetic Algorithms, having maximum overshoot value, settling time and steady state error which are obtained from the unit step response. The performance of the system studied is compared to the similar studies in the literature exist.

Novel Reconfigurable Walking Machine Tool Enables Symmetric and Nonsymmetric Walking Configurations

“…From an operational perspective, PKMs have been proved to be reduce manufacturing times and improving final product quality in industrial applications (e.g. aerospace [6], energy [7], precision machining [8]- [11], grasping [12]). The higher performance also benefits locomotion, as shown by multiple examples of robotic legs with parallel architectures [13]- [18].…”

“…Step 3. 𝑷 𝒊 is computed by (7) to define the starting location of i th foot on the ground with respect to the neutral position. 𝑷 𝒊 is defined at a distance A from 𝑷 𝒗𝒊 in the direction of the unit vector 𝑵 𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒆 ; A is a motion parameter related to the initial configuration of the RWMT and 𝑵 𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒆 is defined as the vector projection of the slides on the ground.…”

“…𝑷 𝒊 = 𝑷 𝒗𝒊 + 𝐴𝑵 𝒔𝒍𝒊𝒅𝒆 (7) Step 4. To define gait motion, 𝑷 𝒊𝟏 and 𝑷 𝒊𝟐 are the forward (GF) and backward (GB) portions of a step vector along the walking direction 𝑾 𝒅𝒊𝒓 , defined for each foot as lying on the ground plane and parallel to the walking direction as:…”

Error analysis and motion determination of a flight simulator

“…Therefore, sensor‐errors and their effects on these limits must be determined. In our earlier study (Yurt et al , 2002b), a PD control algorithm has been applied and performances criterion coefficients were evaluated by GAs.…”

Development of a Cost-Effective High-Fidelity Type-Specific Flight Simulator with Emphasis on Flight Modelling

“…GAs have been used in flight modelling and simulation in a variety of ways such as tuning PD or PID controllers in flight simulator control systems [47,48]. GAs are commonly paired with other optimization techniques such as particle swarm optimizations, or used to optimize the network topology and weighting functions of a neural network [44].…”