Optimization of the separation of a group of triazine herbicides by micellar capillary electrophoresis using experimental design and artificial neural networks

Abstract

The micellar electrokinetic chromatography separation of a group of triazine compounds was optimized using a combination of experimental design (ED) and artificial neural network (ANN). Different variables affecting separation were selected and used as input in the ANN. A chromatographic exponential function (CEF) combining resolution and separation time was used as output to obtain optimal separation conditions. An optimized buffer (19.3 mM sodium borate, 15.4 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate, 28.4 mM SDS, pH 9.45, and 7.5% 1-propanol) provides the best separation with regard to resolution and separation time. Besides, an analysis of variance (ANOVA) approach of the MEKC separation, using the same variables, was developed, and the best capability of the combination of ED-ANN for the optimization of the analytical methodology was demonstrated by comparing the results obtained from both approaches. In order to validate the proposed method, the different analytical parameters as repeatability and day-to-day precision were calculated. Finally, the optimized method was applied to the determination of these compounds in spiked and nonspiked ground water samples.

Optimization of a solid‐phase microextraction procedure for the determination of herbicides by micellar electrokinetic chromatography

“…After several studies varying electrolyte concentration, SDS concentration, pH, and percentage of organic modifier, the optimal buffer for the separation of this group of compounds consisted of: 19.3 mM of sodium borate, 15.4 mM of disodium hydrogen phosphate, 28.4 mM of SDS, pH 9.45, and 7.5% of 1-propanol [27]. Figure 1 shows the separation of these herbicides with the optimal buffer.…”

“…The running buffer, optimized in previous work [27], was made from a borate/phosphate (19.3 mM/15.4 mM) solution containing 28.4 mM of surfactant (SDS) and 7.5% of 1-propanol as organic modifier, at pH 9.45. These conditions were obtained from previous studies of optimization of separation of this group of compounds.…”

Recent advances in capillary electrophoresis and capillary electrochromatography of pollutants

“…Among various CE modes utilized, MEKC was the most commonly used for determination of pesticides [78,79,89] and herbicides [37,38,81,83,84,[155][156][157][158]. SeguraCarretero et al [78] utilized MEKC with diode-array detector (DAD) for determination of imidacloprid and its metabolite 6-chloronicotinic acid in greenhouse air.…”

Mixture design in the optimization of a microemulsion system for the electrokinetic chromatographic determination of ketorolac and its impurities: Method development and validation

“…Several papers describing the use of experimental design for method optimization have been published in the field of CZE [13][14][15][16][17][18] and MEKC [19][20][21][22][23] method development. While, to our knowledge, only two papers involving a multivariate optimization of MEEKC methods have been published [24,25], no paper regarding the use of a multivariate strategy involving mixture design to find the optimum microemulsion buffer for EKC has been reported yet.…”