Optimization of the Silver Nanoparticles PEALD Process on the Surface of 1-D Titania Coatings

Abstract

Plasma enhanced atomic layer deposition (PEALD) of silver nanoparticles on the surface of 1-D titania coatings, such as nanotubes (TNT) and nanoneedles (TNN), has been carried out. The formation of TNT and TNN layers enriched with dispersed silver particles of strictly defined sizes and the estimation of their bioactivity was the aim of our investigations. The structure and the morphology of produced materials were determined using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) and scanning electron miscroscopy (SEM). Their bioactivity and potential usefulness in the modification of implants surface have been estimated on the basis of the fibroblasts adhesion and proliferation assays, and on the basis of the determination of their antibacterial activity. The cumulative silver release profiles have been checked with the use of inductively coupled plasma-mass spectrometry (ICPMS), in order to exclude potential cytotoxicity of silver decorated systems. Among the studied nanocomposite samples, TNT coatings, prepared at 3, 10, 12 V and enriched with silver nanoparticles produced during 25 cycles of PEALD, revealed suitable biointegration properties and may actively counteract the formation of bacterial biofilm.

Comprehensive Evaluation of the Biological Properties of Surface-Modified Titanium Alloy Implants

“…8 ± 1.5 nm. The part of the above-mentioned coatings was enriched with AgNPs using the CVD technique [27][28][29][30]. According to the results of our previous works, the AgNPs filled the interiors of the TNT5 nanoporous layer ( Figure 1g) while in the case of TNT15, the spherical nanoparticles of diameters c.a.…”

“…Moreover, it was found that the substrates covered with the TNT layer are characterized by more vigorous cell growth (fibroblasts) and better integration of bone with the implant surfaces [20,25,26]. The enrichment of TNT coatings with silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) using chemical vapor deposition (CVD) and atomic layer deposition (ALD) techniques, allowing control of their size and dispersion, was another direction of our works [27][28][29][30]. Forming a TNT/AgNPs system, we exploited the antimicrobial properties of silver nanoparticles without exceeding the potentially acceptable and safe dose of silver ions [16,[28][29][30].…”

“…The anodization of the implants' surface was carried out at room temperature using 0.3 wt% aqueous HF solution as an electrolyte, the anodization time t = 30 min, and potentials of U = 5 V (TNT5) and 15 V (TNT15). After the anodization, the samples of the Ti6Al4V/TNT5 and Ti6Al4V/TNT15 systems were dried in a stream of argon at room temperature (RT), and additionally immersed in acetone and dried at 396 K for 1 h. Half of the TNT5 and TNT15 samples were enriched with silver nanoparticles using the CVD technique (metallic silver precursor-[Ag 5 (O 2 CC 2 F 5 ) 5 (H 2 O) 3 ]) under earlier described conditions [27,30]. The morphology of the produced coatings was studied using quanta field-emission gun scanning electron microscope (SEM; Quanta 3D FEG; Carl Zeiss, Göttingen, Germany).…”

“…Our previous research [20,21,[24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31] focused on the development of technology to produce the bioactive coatings on the surface of Ti6Al4V alloy substrates, i.e., widely used material in the construction of orthopedic implants. However, in order to implement the developed nanocoatings into implant fabrication, it is necessary to estimate their bioactivity in detail.…”

Evaluation of the temporary effect of physical vapor deposition silver coating on resistance to infection in transdermal skin and bone integrated pylon with deep porosity

“…When selecting the coating specification, we wanted to take advantage of the well‐established bactericidal properties of silver while avoiding the possible toxic consequences of a long‐term exposure of silver, as the implantation of pylons for DSA patients is permanent. Accordingly, the impermanent silver layer is thin enough to dissolve about 4–6 weeks after implantation . That time is sufficient for the skin to regenerate into the porous cladding of the SBIP pylon and establish a sustainable natural barrier against infection.…”