Optimization of the Spray-Drying Encapsulation of Sea Buckthorn Berry Oil

Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of spray-drying parameters on the physicochemical properties of encapsulated sea buckthorn berry oil. Different carriers (gum arabic, β-cyclodextrin, and their mixture (1:1, w/w)), inlet air temperatures (120, 150, and 180 °C), and carrier-to-oil ratios (2, 3, and 4, w/w) were evaluated. The obtained powders were characterized in terms of the product yield (36.79–64.60%), encapsulation efficiency (73.08–93.18%), moisture content (0.23–3.70%), hygroscopicity (1.5–7.06 g/100 g), solubility (19.55–74.70%), bulk density (0.25–0.44 g/L), total carotenoid content (mg/100 g dm), and antioxidant capacity (871.83–1454.39 μmol TE/100 g dm). All physicochemical properties were significantly affected by the carrier-to-oil ratio and inlet air temperature. Higher carrier-to-oil ratios increased the product yield, encapsulation efficiency, solubility, and bulk density and decreased the powder hygroscopicity. Elevating the drying temperatures during spray drying also increased the product yield, encapsulation efficiency, and solubility, while it decreased the powder moisture content, total carotenoid content, and antioxidant capacity. Based on the physicochemical properties, the use of β-cyclodextrin as a carrier, a drying temperature of 120 °C, and a carrier-to-oil ratio of 4 were selected as optimal conditions for the production of sea buckthorn berry oil powder. The obtained powder is a valuable material for a wide range of applications in the food and nutraceutical industries.

Physico-Chemical Characterization of Encapsulated Fennel Essential Oil under the Influence of Spray-Drying Conditions

“…According to Da Veiga et al [20], increasing the temperature facilitates the drying process and reduces the surface tension and viscosity, which contributes to the formation of droplets leading to the greater efficacy of the spraydrying process. The same effect of drying temperature increase on the powder recovery was noticed by Alvarenga Botrel et al [14] who varied the drying temperature in the spray-drying of oregano EO in the range of 132-188 • C, and Čulina et al [45] who used 120, 150 and 180 • C as the drying temperature in the production of sea buckthorn berry oil powders.…”

“…In comparison with other studies, the findings in this study are generally consistent with reported data, where Fernandes et al [11] and Felix et al [15] reported a solubility of 45.82% for rosemary EO powder and 37.38% for cinnamon EO powder, both containing MD:GA in a 1:1 ratio. Moreover, other authors [6,7,41,42,45] also confirmed decreased values for this reconstitution property when β-CD was included as the wall material. A mixture of MD and GA has already shown good solubility properties [46], for which the chemical constitution of the two wall materials is responsible.…”

“…The highest powder recovery was obtained in the presence of β-CD:GA (mean value 71.06%), followed by MD:β-CD (mean value 68.35%), while the lowest yield was present when MD:GA was used as the wall material (mean value 66.33%). Dobroslavić et al [7] also documented a high powder recovery (> 70%) for powders of laurel extract prepared by combining β-CD with MD or GA. Čulina et al [45] who spray-dried sea buckthorn berry oil also confirmed the highest values of powder recovery obtained when using β-CD:GA (50.71-65.61%).…”

Encapsulation of tuna oil by liquid and solid self‐emulsifying delivery system: in vitro digestion and oxidative stability assessment

“…This characteristic could indicate the stability of particles regarding chemical and biological stresses during storage. The moisture content of SSEDS was of 1.5 ± 0.17% which was in the same order of magnitude as other dried particles obtained from spray drying process (Klinkesorn et al ., 2006; Čulina et al ., 2023). In our case, the moisture content was sufficiently low for dried powder in the food industry which exhibited moisture content between 3% and 4% (w/w) (Klaypradit & Huang, 2008).…”

Sea Buckthorn Pretreatment, Drying, and Processing of High-Quality Products: Current Status and Trends

“…The optimal spray-drying process was obtained by superimposing the contour plots: an inlet air temperature of 162.5 • C and 25 g of maltodextrin per 100 g of beverage. Čulina et al [116] optimised the spray drying microencapsulation process of sea buckthorn pulp oil in their study. Increasing the inlet temperature during spray drying boosted product yield, encapsulation efficiency, and solubility, according to their studies.…”