Optimization of the ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenol, mangiferin, and its antioxidant expressionin mango peel (Mangifera indica) using response surface methodology

Abstract

Background. Emerging extraction techniques for bioactive compounds have been cataloged as efficient and cost effective compared to conventional ones. The objective of this research was to define the time and temperature that will guarantee a higher mangiferin content and antioxidant potential in Colombian Criollo mango peel through Ultrasound Assisted Extraction (UAE). Materials and methods. To find the optimal extraction conditions, response surface methodology was used, proposing a 3 2 factorial experimental design having as response variables the content of mangiferin and total phenols, and the antioxidant activity measured through ABTS and ORAC techniques. Results. According to the results obtained, the R 2 values were in accordance with the adjusted R 2 values, showing that the data fit the model well. The results showed that both time and temperature had a significant effect on all the variables evaluated (p < 0.05). The optimization of multiple responses showed that the optimal extraction conditions were 10 min and 54°C; these values were performed experimentally to compare theoretical values, finding percentages of standard residual error of less than 5%. Conclusion. This allows the conclusion that the optimal parameters of temperature and time in ultrasoundassisted extraction were defined in Criollo mango peel. On the other hand, the peel showed a considerable metabolite content and antioxidant activity, suggesting it as a possible functional additive in the production of juices, nectars, and other mango-based products.

Effect of Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Parameters on Total Polyphenols and Its Antioxidant Activity from Mango Residues (Mangifera indica L. var. Manililla)

“…Morales et al [25] evaluated the polyphenol compounds and antioxidant activities present in Criollo mangoes from Córdoba, Colombia; they reported values in the peel of 3568 mg GAE/100 g in total polyphenols and high antioxidant activity (ABTS), which are higher than values reported in this study. Meanwhile, Jirasuteeruk and Theerakulkait [26], reported similar results (972 mg EAG/100 g) in total polyphenol compounds using ultrasound-assisted extraction in the peel of the mango var.…”

“…Several studies show that mango peel presents a majority of bioactive compounds rather than kernel and endocarp, attributed to the differences in its composition [4,13,25]. The mango residue's polyphenol compounds are good donors of electrons, generating high antioxidant capacities [32].…”

Bioactive compounds of mango (Mangifera indica): a review of extraction technologies and chemical constituents

“…70 However, process parameters need to be optimized for high recovery of bioactive compounds from mango leaves and bark of the target compound with biological properties. In this context, Zou et al 71 used UAE to extract 58.46 mg g −1 mangiferin from leaves by employing 44% ethanol (using a 38:1 leaves:ethanol ratio) for 19.2 min at 60 °C and 200 W, and Kulkarni and Rathod 72 obtained 41 mg g −1 by employing three-phase partitioning coupled with ultrasound using an ultrasound bath (25 kHz and 204 W) in 25 min; also, using different conditions (ultrasound bath 122 W and 25 kHz), Kulkarni and Rathod 73 obtained 31 mg g −1 mangiferin, and Morales et al 16 obtained 314.834 mg g −1 mangiferin from criollo mango peel.…”

“…2 These beneficial health effects are due to the presence of various bioactive compounds that are present in fruits and vegetables; [12][13][14] the presence of phenolic compounds in the human diet is associated with protective effects against some chronicdegenerative diseases related to oxidative stress, 15 with phenolic compounds and carotenoids showing antioxidant, antiatherogenic, anti-inflammatory, antiallergenic, and antimicrobial effects. [16][17][18][19] Therefore, the revalorization of the phenolic compounds from mango and their by-products represents a great challenge to obtain value-added products with health-promoting activities, improving the economic feasibility of the main process in a sustainable framework of the circular economy. Therefore, all these activities are of great interest to consumer health.…”

Evaluación Del Efecto Antioxidante Del Extracto Polifenólico De La Almendra Del Mango (Mangifera indica var. Magdalena river)

“…Sin embargo, actualmente no se cuenta con industrias que aprovechen este recurso frutícola en el territorio del Magdalena medio y a nivel nacional, aun sabiendo que los desechos generados del mango durante su comercialización o su procesamiento son una fuente muy importante de compuestos bioactivos de alto valor agregado, en particular fibra dietaría, micronutrientes, polifenoles, carotenoides, entre muchos otros (Flórez & Rojas, 2019;Morales et al, 2020).…”