Optimization of the vulcanization process of rubber products

Steen, Jelte S.; Aben, W.J.; Wapenaar, Kees

doi:10.1002/pen.760330309

Cited by 15 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…where k 1 , k 2 , and k 3 are thermal conductivities in the x, y, and z directions, respectively, . q, is the rate of heat generation, "ρ" is the material density, and "c" is the specific heat capacity [18]. The curing process needs to be discretized into several isothermal steps because of its temperature-varying nature.…”

Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Saving Performance and Production Accuracy of the Direct-Pressure Tire Curing Technology with an Expandable Steel Internal Mold

Zhang

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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Due to the low thermal conductivity and low rigidity of the rubber bladder, the traditional tire curing process faces problems such as low efficiency, high energy consumption, and low production accuracy. To eliminate defects, this work presents a novel direct-pressure curing technology (DPCT) with a steel internal mold heated by electromagnetic induction. Special equipment featuring this novel technology was developed and used for trial-production of tire with a specific size. The energy consumption of sample tires was measured for comparison between the new technology and the traditional one. Nonuniformity and unbalance of tires are tested, meanwhile, physical properties of tread and sidewall parts of cured tires are tested. Furthermore, a finite element analysis (FEA) is carried out to investigate the heating rate of the new curing technology and to optimize the curing process. According to the results, with the new curing technology, the energy consumption per cure cycle is cut down by about 86%, while the curing efficiency and the tensile strength of sidewall part of the cured tire are improved by 22.5% and increased by 13.9%, respectively. In addition, the radial force variation (RFV), couple unbalance mass and curing temperature difference are also reduced by 16.8%, 37%, and 8 °C, respectively. These results suggest that DPCT has excellent energy-saving performance and production accuracy.

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Section: Materials Characterizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy-Saving Performance and Production Accuracy of the Direct-Pressure Tire Curing Technology with an Expandable Steel Internal Mold

Zhang

Wang²,

Li³

et al. 2019

Applied Sciences

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“…On the other hand, if the vulcanization rate is low, the rubber productivity is expected to be reduced. [ 24 ] Besides that, the molds geometry, providing the shape and size of the final rubber product, plays the important role in the vulcanization process optimization of different elastomeric mixtures. Hence, the simulation of rubber processing presents a significant step to assess the desirable vulcanization parameters.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new approach for kinetic modeling and optimization of rubber molding

Bera

Pavličević

Ikonić

et al. 2021

Polymer Engineering & Sci

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Although extensive research has been carried out on the understanding of the complex vulcanization process, the influence of reversion through exposure time and temperature on the vulcanization degree remains unclear. Therefore, the main aim of this study was a novel optimization approach that can help the industrial practitioners to select the optimal operating parameters, exposure time, and molding temperature, to achieve desired vulcanization degree of selected product. Spheres of four different diameters (2.5, 5, 10, and 20 cm) were selected as test geometry for simulation and optimization of rubber molding. Obtained vulcanization rheometer data for commercially available rubber blend (NR/SBR) were fitted by a new modeling approach, dividing vulcanization curve into two fitting sets: curing and reversion. The heat transfer equations for chosen geometry were coupled with proposed kinetic model. A new temperature‐dependent kinetic parameter x, as the maximal reversion degree, was introduced, enabling determination of the lowest operating molding temperature (Tmin = 132.36 °C), preventing high reversion and overheating of the rubber product. The final optimization goal was assessment of the optimal temperature and vulcanization time dependence on the rubber products dimensions. Proposed models have precise prediction with R2 values greater than 0.8328 and MAPE less than 2.3099%.

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“…1 The state of cure profile in a tire during molding 2 using variable thermal conductivity and time-varying boundary conditions has been simulated. Work concerning optimization of the vulcanization process for large rubber components has been reported 3 as has the effect of employing temperature-dependent elastomer properties 4 on both temperature and state of cure profile simulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Simulation of the effect of variation in the cooling cycle on the state of cure in a rubber component

Warley

2012

Journal of Elastomers & Plastics

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The distribution of state of cure in a molded rubber component is usually nonuniform due to slow heat transfer processes involved in the molding/cooling cycle. In certain molding processes, the cure accumulated during the cooling process that occurs after a molding cycle can be a significant part of the total. In this work, prior simulation of the state of cure profile developed in a one-dimensional rectangular geometry is extended to consider the effect of the cooling conditions on the distribution of the state of cure. In addition, the effect of manufacturing process variation on the resulting state of cure distribution and the viability of the molding process is examined. Recommendations are made to minimize the effect of variation in process conditions.

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Optimization of the vulcanization process of rubber products

Cited by 15 publications

References 7 publications

Energy-Saving Performance and Production Accuracy of the Direct-Pressure Tire Curing Technology with an Expandable Steel Internal Mold

Energy-Saving Performance and Production Accuracy of the Direct-Pressure Tire Curing Technology with an Expandable Steel Internal Mold

A new approach for kinetic modeling and optimization of rubber molding

Simulation of the effect of variation in the cooling cycle on the state of cure in a rubber component

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