Optimization of transesterification of castor oil with ethanol using a central composite rotatable design (CCRD)

Biodiesel production from castor oil: ANN modeling and kinetic parameter estimation

“…Transesterification of castor oil with ethanol was studied by Cavalcante et al [17] using a central composite rotatable design. Optimum reaction conditions were determined as oil/ethanol molar ratio of 1:11, catalyst amount of 1.75% KOH, and reaction time of 90 min and 86.32% of biodiesel yield was obtained.…”

“…Reduction in viscosity of castor methyl and ethyl ester blends have been studied [12]. Kinetics of this process has been investigated [13][14][15][16][17] by varying the alcohol to oil molar ratio as well as the temperature. In one such process [18], methanol to oil ratio was varied from 50:1 to 250:1 and temperature from 35 to 65°C.…”

Castor oil transesterification reaction: A kinetic study and optimization of parameters

“…All the variables significantly affected the reaction yield, the amount of catalyst being the most effective. The highest yield was obtained using an oil:ethanol molar ratio of 1:11, 1.75% KOH and a reaction time of 90 min [20].…”

Biodiesel production from castor plant integrating ethanol production via a biorefinery approach

“…Previous studies have investigated the influence of reaction parameters including temperature, reaction time, catalyst concentration, and alcohol content on transesterification of castor oil (Cavalcante et al, 2010;Da Silva et al, 2006;De Oliveira et al, 2005;Jeong and Park, 2009;Ramezani et al, 2010). De Oliveira et al (2005) used the Taguchi experimental design to evaluate the effect of reaction conditions on "commercial refined" castor oil.…”