Optimization of Transesterification of Chlorella protothecoides Oil to Biodiesel Using Box-Behnken Design Method

Kumar, Mukesh; Sharma, M.P.

doi:10.1007/s12649-016-9485-5

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Other benefits are cost reduction and a reduction in the number of experiments to be done, saving money, time, and effort. The experimental plan for biodiesel synthesis is capable of stimulating transesterification conditions with good error estimates [39].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel and Crude Glycerol from Waste Frying Oil: Production, Characterization and Evaluation of Biodiesel Oxidative Stability with Diesel Blends

et al. 2019

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Waste oils are becoming increasingly more important as feedstock for the production of fuels and glycerol as byproduc. Optimization of homogeneous transesterification of waste frying oil (WFO) to biodiesel over hydroxide potassium (KOH) catalyst have been investigated. In this respect, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to determine the relationships between methanol and WFO molar ratio (3:1–12:1), KOH concentration (0.5%–2%) and temperature (25–65 °C) on the conversion yield. Transesterification of WFO produced 96.33% maximum methyl ester yield at the optimum methanol/WFO molar ratio 7.3:1, KOH loading 0.5 wt. % and the reaction temperature was 58.30 °C. The physicochemical properties of optimized biodiesel met the requirements of the European Norm 14214, such as kinematic viscosity at 40 °C 4.57 mm/s2, the sulfur content 0.005 wt. %, and the density at 15 °C 889.3 kg/m3. This study also examined the accelerated oxidation of biodiesel and biodiesel/diesel blends under combined temperature and air effect at different periods of time while measuring their acidity. Results have shown that total acid number increased proportionally to the biodiesel content of the biodiesel/diesel blends from 0.5 mgKOH/g for B7 (7% (v/v) biodiesel and 93% (v/v) diesel) up to 2.8 mg KOH/g for B100 (100% biodiesel). The synthesized trans-esterified oil can be a potential alternative to petrodiesel, hence its application at an industrial scale. This work also reports some properties of crude glycerol (CG) derived from biodiesel from WFO. The glycerol yield (%), pH, water content (wt. %), density at 15 °C (g/cm3), and kinematic viscosity at 40 °C (mm2/s) was analyzed according to standard test methods.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Biodiesel and Crude Glycerol from Waste Frying Oil: Production, Characterization and Evaluation of Biodiesel Oxidative Stability with Diesel Blends

et al. 2019

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“…Figure A shows the diagnostic diagrams for model adequacy. The data points of the actual experiment and the predicted values show a normal distribution and are close to the 45° lines, demonstrating that the model has good adaptability . Figure B shows the internally studentized residuals versus the predicted values.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The data points of the actual experiment and the predicted values show a normal distribution and are close to the 45°lines, demonstrating that the model has good adaptability. 25 Figure 4B shows the internally studentized residuals versus the predicted values. The plots of the internally studentized residuals are dispersed randomly, showing that the original variance was constant for all values.…”

Section: Response Surface Methodology To Optimize Reaction Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Efficient racemization of N‐phenylacetyl‐D‐glufosinate for L‐glufosinate production

Xue

et al. 2019

Chirality

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Most amino acids contain chiral centres and exist as both D‐enantiomer and L‐enantiomer. The optically pure enantiomer is often more valuable than the racemate. Enzymatic resolution provides an effective strategy to obtain optically pure amino acids but often results in large amounts of unwanted isomer. In this study, optically pure L‐glufosinate (L‐PPT) was obtained by coupling amidase‐mediated hydrolysis of N‐phenylacetyl‐D,L‐glufosinate with racemization of N‐phenylacetyl‐D‐glufosinate (NPDG), which exclusively exhibits effective herbicidal properties compared with its D‐enantiomer. To improve the yield of L‐PPT, the racemization reaction conditions were optimized, and through single‐factor experiments, the optimal reaction temperature, reaction time, and mole ratio of phenylacetic acid to NPDG were determined to be 150°C, 30 minutes, and 1.5, respectively. The response surface methodology was applied to further optimize the racemization conditions, and the final yield of L‐PPT reached 96.13% with optimum reaction temperature of 154°C, reaction time of 23 minutes, and phenylacetic acid/NPDG mole ratio of 1.7, respectively. Moreover, adding a small amount of acetic anhydride further raised the yield of L‐PPT to 97.02%.

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“…Palm biodiesel shows an appropriate viscosity value of 5.726 mm 2 /s. The low viscosity indicates that the biodiesel will provide a smooth engine operation and improve engine life [38]. However, slightly higher moisture content was observed in palm biodiesel.…”

Section: Optimal Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Influence of Catalyst Preparation Conditions on Coconut Shell-derived Solid Acid Catalyst Performance for Transesterification

2019

ijrte

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The carbon-based solid acid catalyst is mostly synthesized through a series of incomplete carbonization and sulfonation process. This paper investigates the influence of catalyst preparation conditions on the catalyst performance in biodiesel conversion. Coconut-shell-derived solid acid catalyst was prepared through incomplete carbonization followed by sulfonation using concentrated sulphuric acid. The effect of catalyst preparation variables including carbonization temperature, carbonization time, sulfonation temperature and sulfonation time was evaluated using response surface methodology. The adequacy of the mathematical model represents the process was confirmed by using ANOVA analysis with R2 value of 0.9121 and p-value <0.0001. Optimal process conditions were obtained at carbonization temperature of 469.97 ºC, carbonization time of 3.37 h, sulfonation temperature of 99.14 ºC and sulfonation time of 7.11 h. At these conditions, the coconut shell-derived catalyst able to catalyse the transesterification reaction and achieved >80% FAME conversion. This study uncovers the potential of biomass valorisation into a useful end produc

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Optimization of Transesterification of Chlorella protothecoides Oil to Biodiesel Using Box-Behnken Design Method

Cited by 20 publications

References 16 publications

Biodiesel and Crude Glycerol from Waste Frying Oil: Production, Characterization and Evaluation of Biodiesel Oxidative Stability with Diesel Blends

Biodiesel and Crude Glycerol from Waste Frying Oil: Production, Characterization and Evaluation of Biodiesel Oxidative Stability with Diesel Blends

Efficient racemization of N‐phenylacetyl‐D‐glufosinate for L‐glufosinate production

Influence of Catalyst Preparation Conditions on Coconut Shell-derived Solid Acid Catalyst Performance for Transesterification

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