Optimization of Ultrasonic-Assisted Enzymatic Extraction of Freeze-Dried Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.) Berry Oil Using Response Surface Methodology

Abstract

The ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) of oil has received immense importance nowadays because of the enormous benefits the process offers. However, the literature evaluating this process is scarce for sea buckthorn oil. Furthermore, to date, to the best of our knowledge, a study evaluating the combined use of enzymes and UAE for this oil is lacking. In this study, oil from freeze-dried sea buckthorn berries was extracted using ultrasound-assisted enzymatic extraction (UAEE) and the effect of variables (time, enzyme concentration, and solvent to sample ratio) was evaluated on oil yield and its physiochemical properties (acid value, peroxide value, iodine value, density, and color). The optimum conditions were determined using the response surface methodology. The optimum conditions established were 5.08 mL/g, 14.65 min, and 3.13 U/g for a solvent to sample ratio, ultra-sonication time, and enzyme units, respectively. The oil yield was 18.32%. Physicochemical parameters were found better in UAEE oil than in the Soxhlet-extracted oil. Gas chromatography detected relatively higher levels of fatty acids, including palmitic, palmitoleic, and oleic acids in UAEE oil. The optimum conditions were also verified for adequacy by validation and results were matched with predicted values with 0.8 to 1.5 error %, which states that the model can be utilized to predict oil yield percentage.

Design and Experiment of Combined Infrared and Hot-Air Dryer Based on Temperature and Humidity Control with Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides L.)

“…A PT100 temperature sensor (Shenzhen Haodu Technology Co., Ltd., Shenzhen, China) was used to measure the temperature in the drying chamber during the drying process, and the sensor accuracy was 0.1 °C. This was because the drying temperature for sea buckthorn is typically 50–80 °C [ 23 ], thus preventing the quality deterioration that results from drying at high temperatures. The temperature sensor in the drying oven was located in the upper air intake to reduce the impacts of wind speed and the heating equipment.…”

Association of enzymatic and optimized ultrasound-assisted aqueous extraction of flavonoid glycosides from dried Hippophae rhamnoides L. (Sea Buckthorn) berries

“…Ultrasound assisted extraction (UAE) acts as a modern technique that can be used for the enrichment of extracts, with the possibility to obtain higher yields in comparison to conventional techniques [20] . For sea buckthorn, UAE has been successfully applied for the oil fraction, especially for the seed or berries oil [20] , [21] , [22] . Enzymatic-assisted extraction (EAE) is another example of “green” extraction technique, and it has been applied to a variety of plant matrices, with applicability in the development of new food products and nutraceuticals [23] .…”