Optimization of Ultrasonic‐Assisted Enzymatic Hydrolysis for the Extraction of Luteolin and Apigenin from Celery

Abstract

The extraction of flavonoids is of increasing interest because of their various pharmacological effects. This study is the first attempt for the ultrasonic-assisted enzymatic hydrolysis (USAEH) applied in the extraction of 2 bioactive flavonoid compounds in celery--luteolin and apigenin. The quantitative yields of luteolin and apigenin were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). To achieve high yields of extracted compounds, the procedure was optimized with regard to the relative parameters involved. The optimal conditions for enzymatic hydrolysis using pectinase treatment were a reaction time of 30 min and a concentration of 0.4 mg/mL at pH 3 for luteolin and pH 5.5 for apigenin. The optimal ultrasonic parameters were an exposure period of 30 min at a temperature of 25 °C using a power source of 80 W. Under these optimal conditions, the yields of luteolin and apigenin were increased to 42.5 and 25.3 mg/g, respectively, which represented a 26.1-fold and a 32.2-fold increase in the yields of these 2 compounds, respectively, compared with the control model of aqueous extraction without enzyme or ultrasonic treatment.

Apigenin Retards Atherogenesis by Promoting ABCA1-Mediated Cholesterol Efflux and Suppressing Inflammation

“…Apigenin is distributed ubiquitously in a wide range of vegetables, fruits and medicinal plants as well as dietary and herbal supplements [37,40]. Recently, apigenin has drawn much attention for its powerful medicinal properties, including anti-tumor, anti-virus, anti- Fig.…”

Ultrasonic-Assisted Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Flavonoids from <i>Adinandra nitida</i> Leaves

“…The factors and levels studied were determined on the basis of the factorial experiments, such as extraction time (5,20, and 35 min), ethanol concentration (40, 70, and 100 %), and ultrasonic frequency (45, 80, and 100 KHz). The CCD combined the vertices of a hypercube whose coordinates are given by the 2 n factorial design with the "star" points.…”

“…Response surface methodology (RSM) with appropriate experimental designs, e.g., central composite design (CCD), has been effectively applied to optimize the intended parameters in the extraction and modification of bioactive compounds [5,6]. The objective of this study was to identify the main flavonoid in Adinandra nitida leaves, employ response surface methodology to optimize its ultrasonicassisted extraction, and determine the antioxidant activity of the obtained…”

Extraction and Antioxidant Activity of Phenolic Compounds from <i>Okra</i> Flowers

“…Response surface methodology (RSM) with appropriate experimental designs, e.g., central composite design (CCD), has been effectively applied to optimize the intended parameters in the extraction and modification of bioactive compounds [10,11]. Response surface methodology was used to optimize experimental conditions for extraction of total phenolics from Okra flowers.…”