Abstract:This study investigates the use of division algorithms to optimize the size of a desalination system integrated with a microgrid based on a wind turbine plant and the battery storage to supply freshwater based on cost, reliability, and energy losses. Cumulative exergy demand is used to identify and minimize the energy losses in the optimized system. Division algorithms are used to overcome the drawback of low convergence speed encountered by the well-known method genetic algorithm. The findings indicated that … Show more
“…The XPS spectra of Fe were collected using an HR800. The particle size distribution of the Mg-LFP sample was analyzed by an OMEC LS-POP (6). The morphology of the Mg 2+doped LFP sample was observed using ZEISS-G300.…”
Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The environmental disruption and energy consumption that are caused by the use of traditional energy are two major crises in modern society that both challenge sustainable development. − This has led to an urgent need to change from traditional energy to new energy. , However, some sources of new energy, such as wind and solar, are still facing challenges of discontinuity and instability. These issues can be solved by lithium-ion batteries (LIBS) when they are used in the generation of new energy. − …”
For
this work, a Mg2+-doped LiFePO4 (LFP)
cathode material was prepared using a solid-state method with Mg(CH3COO)2 as the Mg2+ dopant. X-ray diffraction
and refinement data suggested that an appropriate doping amount of
Mg2+ can reduce the cell volume of LFP, shorten the Fe–O
and P–O bonds, and elongate the Li–O bond, thereby facilitating
the diffusion of Li+. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
test results revealed that Mg2+ doping prevents the formation
of Li–Fe antisite defects while also promoting the formation
of Fe2P, thereby improving the electronic conductivity
of the LFP. The electronic conductivity was measured using a four-probe
teste, and the Li+ diffusion rate was fitted and calculated
according to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test results.
The results found that electron conductivity expanded by 275 times
and the Li+ diffusion coefficient increased by 3.6 times
following LFP being doped with Mg2+. Charge/discharge curves
and cyclic voltammetry test reveal that LFP with Mg2+ doping
has superior reversibility, rate performance, and cycle stability,
and the capacity can be maintained at 162 mA h g–1 following 300 cycles at 0.1 C.
“…The XPS spectra of Fe were collected using an HR800. The particle size distribution of the Mg-LFP sample was analyzed by an OMEC LS-POP (6). The morphology of the Mg 2+doped LFP sample was observed using ZEISS-G300.…”
Section: Instrumental Analysismentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The environmental disruption and energy consumption that are caused by the use of traditional energy are two major crises in modern society that both challenge sustainable development. − This has led to an urgent need to change from traditional energy to new energy. , However, some sources of new energy, such as wind and solar, are still facing challenges of discontinuity and instability. These issues can be solved by lithium-ion batteries (LIBS) when they are used in the generation of new energy. − …”
For
this work, a Mg2+-doped LiFePO4 (LFP)
cathode material was prepared using a solid-state method with Mg(CH3COO)2 as the Mg2+ dopant. X-ray diffraction
and refinement data suggested that an appropriate doping amount of
Mg2+ can reduce the cell volume of LFP, shorten the Fe–O
and P–O bonds, and elongate the Li–O bond, thereby facilitating
the diffusion of Li+. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
test results revealed that Mg2+ doping prevents the formation
of Li–Fe antisite defects while also promoting the formation
of Fe2P, thereby improving the electronic conductivity
of the LFP. The electronic conductivity was measured using a four-probe
teste, and the Li+ diffusion rate was fitted and calculated
according to the electrochemical impedance spectroscopy test results.
The results found that electron conductivity expanded by 275 times
and the Li+ diffusion coefficient increased by 3.6 times
following LFP being doped with Mg2+. Charge/discharge curves
and cyclic voltammetry test reveal that LFP with Mg2+ doping
has superior reversibility, rate performance, and cycle stability,
and the capacity can be maintained at 162 mA h g–1 following 300 cycles at 0.1 C.
“… Fig. 5 a) Schematic of a common on-grid microgrid, b) Schematic of a common islanded microgrid [ 11 ]. …”
Section: Microgridsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Factors such as changes in government policies, war, and sanctions have caused the security and supply chain of fossil fuels to be seriously affected, and the resilience and stability of the energy supply in the world have declined. Because of the problems with traditional power plants, their higher installation, development, and maintenance costs, and the benefits of using renewable resources and microgrids, clean microgrid technology has been used more and more in recent years and has caught the attention of investors [ 11 ].…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…In green microgrids, support units are usually used to generate power when renewable energy sources cannot provide the necessary power due to their intermittent nature. In fact, microgrid support units have the task of compensating for the lack of required electricity when distributed generation units cannot produce electricity, or in periods of overload and peak load, they enter the required power into the power grid [ 11 ]. Most of the supporting units of microgrids are diesel generators.…”
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