Optimization of winter road maintenance energy costs in Sweden: a critique of site specific frost warning techniques

Riehm, Mats; Nordin, Lina

doi:10.1002/met.275

Cited by 6 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…The direct impact of snow temporal and spatial variability on economic development of the Arctic has to our knowledge not been comprehensively evaluated and quantified. Such a study would need to take into account among others: Snow clearing costs of transportation routes (Hanbali 1994 ; Riehm and Nordin 2012 ) (Fig. 1 ), which varies annually and is complicated by extreme snowfalls (Borzenkova and Shmakin 2012 ).…”

Section: Understanding the Impacts Of Changing Snow Conditions On Socmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Arctic snow cover: A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts

Bokhorst

Pedersen

Brucker

et al. 2016

Ambio

186

127

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Snow is a critically important and rapidly changing feature of the Arctic. However, snow-cover and snowpack conditions change through time pose challenges for measuring and prediction of snow. Plausible scenarios of how Arctic snow cover will respond to changing Arctic climate are important for impact assessments and adaptation strategies. Although much progress has been made in understanding and predicting snow-cover changes and their multiple consequences, many uncertainties remain. In this paper, we review advances in snow monitoring and modelling, and the impact of snow changes on ecosystems and society in Arctic regions. Interdisciplinary activities are required to resolve the current limitations on measuring and modelling snow characteristics through the cold season and at different spatial scales to assure human well-being, economic stability, and improve the ability to predict manage and adapt to natural hazards in the Arctic region.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1007/s13280-016-0770-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Understanding the Impacts Of Changing Snow Conditions On Socmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changing Arctic snow cover: A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts

Bokhorst

Pedersen

Brucker

et al. 2016

Ambio

186

127

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…For instance, Juga et al [3] developed a statistical approach to model road surface friction/grip by using observations from an optical sensor during two winter seasons. Riehm [4] suggested different methods to estimate road weather using infrared thermometry and image analysis. Dan et al [5] conducted laboratory experiments to design a time-dependent model to predict salt solution temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Using Deep Learning to Predict the Amount of Chemicals Applied on the Wheel Track for Winter Road Maintenance

2022

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The decade of big data has emerged in recent years, which has led to entering the era of intelligent transportation. One of the main challenges to deploying intelligent transportation is dealing with winter roads in cold climate countries. Different operations can be used to protect the road from ice and snow, such as spreading chemicals (here salt) on the road surface. Using salt for de-icing and anti-icing increases road safety. However, the excess use of salt must be avoided since it is not cost-efficient and has negative impacts on the environment. Therefore, the accurate and timely prediction of salt quantity for winter road maintenance helps decision support systems to achieve effective and efficient winter road maintenance. Thus, this paper performs exploratory data analysis to determine the relationships among variables to find the best prediction model for this problem. Due to the stochastic nature of variables regarding weather and roads, a deep neural network/deep learning is selected to predict the amount of salt on the wheel track, using historical data measured by sensors and road weather stations. The results show that the proposed model performs perfectly to learn and predict the amount of salt on the wheel track, based on different metrics, including the loss function, scatter plot, mean absolute error, and explained variance.

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“…For instance, the annual winter expense in WRM for Sweden is around 0.2 billion USD (Swedish Transport Administration, 2015. Improvements in methods for predicting the occurrence of hoar frost can lead to more efficient WRM activities, thereby making considerable savings in energy and costs (Riehm and Nordin, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship between the risk of hoar frost on roads and a changing climate in Sweden

Gustavsson

et al. 2019

Intl Journal of Climatology

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Hoar frost, one of the most common types of road slipperiness, can reduce road surface friction thereby adversely affecting traffic safety. The two main causes of hoar frost are warm air advection and radiative cooling. This paper investigates the impact of a changing climate on the formation of hoar frost in Sweden during the winter months due to warm air advection and radiative cooling. The analysis is based on in situ observations from 244 stations in the Swedish Road Weather Information System. The results show that in northern Sweden, hoar frost was mainly caused by warm air advection, while radiative cooling was the main cause of hoar frost in southern Sweden. Given the increase in the air temperature over land due to climate change during the period 2000–2016, the relative frequency of hoar frost due to warm air advection has significantly decreased, while the relative frequency of hoar frost due to radiative cooling has significantly increased. Further analysis showed that the weakened temperature gradient between land and ocean, which leads to weakened warm air advection, is the main cause of the changes.

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Optimization of winter road maintenance energy costs in Sweden: a critique of site specific frost warning techniques

Cited by 6 publications

References 21 publications

Changing Arctic snow cover: A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts

Changing Arctic snow cover: A review of recent developments and assessment of future needs for observations, modelling, and impacts

Using Deep Learning to Predict the Amount of Chemicals Applied on the Wheel Track for Winter Road Maintenance

On the relationship between the risk of hoar frost on roads and a changing climate in Sweden

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