To further improve the performance of a company’s excavator, reduce the production cost, and simplify the complex process of dynamic modeling, a 13-ton small backhoe hydraulic excavator working device was taken as the research object, and a virtual prototype was established by using Pro/E and ADAMS software. The excavation resistance was calculated and the STEP function was defined, the dynamic simulation analysis was carried out during the working process of the excavator, and the stress change curve of the hinge point was obtained, which reduced the calculation amount, and provided a reference for the finite element analysis and optimization design of the working device of the excavator.