Optimization of xanthatin extraction from Xanthium spinosum L. and its cytotoxic, anti-angiogenesis and antiviral properties

Abstract

The aqueous extraction of the sesquiterpene lactone xanthatin from Xanthium spinosum L. favours the conversion of xanthinin (1) to xanthatin (2) via the loss of acetic acid. The cytotoxic (Hep-G2 and L1210 human cell lines) and antiviral activities of isolated xanthatin are established. This natural compound shows significant cytotoxicity against the Hep-G2 cell line and our experimental results reveal its strong anti-angiogenesis capacity in vitro. The structure of xanthatin is determined by spectroscopic methods and for the first time confirmed by X-ray diffraction.

Xanthatin inhibits corneal neovascularization by inhibiting the VEGFR2‑mediated STAT3/PI3K/Akt signaling pathway

“…Xanthatin is the effective bioactive constituent of Xanthium sibiricum . In Chinese medicine, it is reported to be important in the treatment of colds, limb spasms and ulcer sores, and has antitumor, antiviral and antifungal effects ( 4 ). Compared with conventional anticancer therapy, the first generation of anti-angiogeneic drugs currently in clinical development have no clinical effects, therefore, the development of a more potent angiogenic inhibitor has become a promising focus of research.…”

“…There are ~25 Xanthium species in the world ( 3 ). At present, xanthatin is the main medicinal component of Xanthium in China, which is used for the treatment of cold headaches, nasal mucus, itching, rhinorrhea and muscular constriction ( 4 ). Sesquiterpene lactone is a biologically active component of medicinal plants.…”

Turning Meadow Weeds Into Valuable Species for the Romanian Ethnomedicine While Complying With the Environmentally Friendly Farming Requirements of the European Union’s Common Agricultural Policy

“…It has been showed that xanthatin can inhibit the growth of Gram positive bacteria (Staphylococcus aureus and Bacillus cereus) and fungi (Colletotrichum gloesporoides and Trichothecium roseum) (Ginesta Peris et al, 1994). In vitro and in vivo studies showed that xanthatin and xanthinosin have chemopreventive properties, inhibiting tumor cells proliferation (Ramıŕez-Erosa et al, 2007;Romero et al, 2015). The therapeutic properties of xanthatin can be extended also to antiviral (herpes simplex virus, feline corona virus, influenza A H 1 N 1 and A H 3 N 2 , influenza B, repvirus, respiratory syncytial virus etc.)…”

“…The therapeutic properties of xanthatin can be extended also to antiviral (herpes simplex virus, feline corona virus, influenza A H 1 N 1 and A H 3 N 2 , influenza B, repvirus, respiratory syncytial virus etc.) and anti-angiogenic activities (Romero et al, 2015).…”

Characteristics of the Completed Chloroplast Genome Sequence of Xanthium Spinosum: Comparative Analyses, Identification of Mutational Hotspots and Phylogenetic Implications

“…The genus, Xanthium has been widely used for various traditional medicinal treatments in different countries [3]. The plant parts of the X. spinosum are used for the treatment of cancer and diarrhea [4,5] intermittent fever hydrophobia and rabies [6] and rheumatoid arthritis [7] and also has antibacterial [6] and antiviral properties [6,[8][9][10]. Though several antimicrobial and their functional studies of X. spinosum have been carried out for the past ve decades, there are no exclusive genetic or genomic studies so far.…”