To further improve the performance of the fracturing
fluid, the
Zr, N-co-doped carbon quantum dot nano-crosslinking agent was synthesized
by the hydrothermal method to solve the problems of easy agglomeration,
instability, and gel breaking after crosslinking of the conventional
polyacrylamide fracturing fluid crosslinking agent. The crosslinking
agent has good stability and multiple crosslinking sites, as well
as can be crosslinked with anionic polyacrylamide (HPAM) solution
to form a high-strength hydrogel fracturing fluid. Moreover, it can
be used as a nano-fluorescent tracer to test the flowback rate of
fracturing fluid. The fracturing fluid composed of 0.3 wt % HPAM and
0.8 wt % crosslinking agent was named as Zr-CDG. At 180 °C, the
viscosity of Zr-CDG remains above 180 mPa·s after shearing for
2 h, indicating that Zr-CDG has excellent temperature tolerance and
shearing resistance. The residue is only 169 mg/L after gel breaking,
which means low damage to the formation. Finally, the backflow process
of fracturing fluid is simulated by core displacement. According to
the good luminescence of the carbon quantum dot nano-crosslinking
agent, the flowback rate of the fracturing fluid is calculated. It
shows that the carbon quantum dot nano-crosslinking agent also has
the role of fracturing fluid tracer. The results show that the properties
of the prepared carbon quantum dot nano-crosslinking agent are more
stable, and the performance of the crosslinked fracturing fluid system
is greatly improved, which points out a direction for the application
of carbon quantum dots.