Optimization strategies for single-stage, multi-stage and continuous ADRs

Shirron, Peter

doi:10.1016/j.cryogenics.2014.03.012

Cited by 19 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…The first, more fundamental, limitation comes from the magnetic field needed to drive the cycle. In an optimized stage [29], the optimal magnetic field depends on both the heat sink temperature, Tsink, and the operating range of the stage (Tsink/Tlow). As the operating range exceeds a factor of 30, the required magnetic field rapidly increases beyond 2--3 T. As the operating range increases to a factor of 60 or more, the use of fields in excess of 4--6 T is unavoidable.…”

Section: Limitations On Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of the magnetocaloric effect in single-stage, multi-stage and continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators

Shirron

2014

Cryogenics

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Adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators (ADR), based on the magnetocaloric effect, are solid--state coolers that were the first to achieve cooling well into the sub--kelvin regime. Although supplanted by more powerful dilution refrigerators in the 1960s, ADRs have experienced a revival due to the needs of the space community for cooling astronomical instruments and detectors to temperatures below 100 mK. The earliest of these were single--stage refrigerators using superfluid helium as a heat sink. Their modest cooling power (<1 µW at 60 mK[1]) was sufficient for the small (6x6) detector arrays[2], but recent advances in arraying and multiplexing technologies[3] are generating a need for higher cooling power (5--10 µW), and lower temperature (<30 mK). Single--stage ADRs have both practical and fundamental limits to their operating range, as mass grows very rapidly as the operating range is expanded. This has led to the development of new architectures that introduce multi--staging as a way to improve operating range, efficiency and cooling power. Multi--staging also enables ADRs to be configured for continuous operation, which greatly improves cooling power per unit mass. This paper reviews the current field of adiabatic demagnetization refrigeration, beginning with a description of the magnetocaloric effect and its application in single--stage systems, and then describing the challenges and capabilities of multi--stage and continuous ADRs.

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Section: Limitations On Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Applications of the magnetocaloric effect in single-stage, multi-stage and continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators

Shirron

2014

Cryogenics

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“…The adiabatic demagnetization is not a regenerative cycle, nor is the magnetocaloric material in the form of a porous structure. However, different types of single‐stage and multi‐stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators can be found today, including those that have a continuous operation . The last were developed and reported by Shirron et al Generally, adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator represents the lowest, sub‐kelvin cooling stage, with its heat sink provided by other types of cryocoolers.…”

Section: Liquefaction Of Fuels By the Magnetocaloric Effectmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, different types of single-stage and multi-stage adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators can be found today, including those that have a continuous operation. [425,426] The last were developed and reported by Shirron et al [427] Generally, adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator represents the lowest, sub-kelvin cooling stage, with its heat sink provided by other types of cryocoolers. However, the application of multi-stages allows expansion of the operation temperature interval with the heat-sink temperature well above 1 K. [428] Because adiabatic demagnetization is being replaced by the active magnetic regeneration cycle, a small number of studies can be found in the past two decades with regard to the liquefaction of fuels.…”

Section: Liquefaction Of Fuels Using Adiabatic Demagnetization Refrigmentioning

confidence: 99%

Energy Applications of Magnetocaloric Materials

Kitanovski

2020

Advanced Energy Materials

378

156

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The need for energy‐efficient and environmentally friendly refrigeration, heat pumping, air conditioning, and thermal energy harvesting systems is currently more urgent than ever. Magnetocaloric energy conversion is among the best available alternatives for achieving these technological goals and has been the subject of substantial basic and applied research over the last two decades. The subject is strongly interdisciplinary, requiring proper understanding and efficient integration of knowledge in different specialized fields. This review article presents a historical and up‐to‐date account of the energy‐related applications of magnetocaloric materials and information about their processing and magnetic fields, thermodynamics, heat transfer, and other relevant characteristics. The article also discusses the conceptual design of magnetocaloric refrigeration and power generation systems and some guidelines for future research in the field.

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“…Basic ADRs have been successfully utilized in many laboratory and space applications requiring sub-Kelvin temperature [6][7][8][9][10][11], and multi-stage ADRs have also been developed to meet a wider range of cooling requirements [6][7][8][9][10]. Recently, magnetic refrigeration has been applied to the production of liquid helium (including its superfluid) and liquid hydrogen [2,[12][13][14][15].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Development and parametric study of the convection-type stationary adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) for hydrogen re-condensation

Park

2015

Cryogenics

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Optimization strategies for single-stage, multi-stage and continuous ADRs

Cited by 19 publications

References 13 publications

Applications of the magnetocaloric effect in single-stage, multi-stage and continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators

Applications of the magnetocaloric effect in single-stage, multi-stage and continuous adiabatic demagnetization refrigerators

Energy Applications of Magnetocaloric Materials

Development and parametric study of the convection-type stationary adiabatic demagnetization refrigerator (ADR) for hydrogen re-condensation

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