Optimization studies on turbidity removal from cosmetics wastewater using aluminum sulfate and blends of fishbone

Abstract

This research is centered on the optimization of coagulation–flocculation treatment of cosmetic wastewater. It analyzes blends of fishbone (BFB) and aluminum-based coagulant (ABC) to determine the efficacy of BFB as a potential coagulant–flocculants aid at optimum conditions using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiment was carried out employing the standard nephelometric procedure at 1000 rpm stirring rate. The central composite design (CCD) was used to examine the interactions of pH, dosage, and settling time to maximize the turbidity removal efficiency of the ABC- and BFB-driven coag–flocculation. The optimal pH, dosage, and settling time for ABC were obtained as 10, 0.1 g/L, and 2 min, while pH 6, 0.4 g/L, and settling time of 4 min were recorded for BFB following the established quadratic model of the RSM. The removal efficiency of ABC and BFB plots 80% and 88%, respectively; this corresponds to 262 NTU and 288 NTU of removal from the wastewater at optimal conditions. The kinetics result indicated that the rate constant (Kf) 3 × 10−3 (L/g min) of BFB surpassed 5 × 10−5 (L/g min) recorded for ABC following second-order coag–flocculation reaction, with correlation coefficients (R2) values of 0.999 and 0.9985, respectively. The research also applied cost–benefit analysis for the determination of the efficacy of BFB. The figure obtained shows that the benefit of using BFB will save $5.50 compared to ABC based on this work. At optimal conditions, BFB satisfied the environmental protection agency pH standard for industrial wastewater discharge, promising coagulant–flocculants aid for industrial wastewater purification purpose and the preservation of the environment.

Purification of aquaculture effluent using Picralima nitida seeds

“…More so, cost estimation practices continue to evolve over time, fundamentally aiming to increase by accuracy and effectiveness, largely dependent on data appropriateness as well as legitimacy, despite the fact that there is no complete theoretical model 64 . Further, besides exploring cost analysis as a decision-making tool to test for the feasibility of the active coagulant 11 , the cost of the CF operation has to be based on the efficacy of the active coagulant, energy consumption, and technology required to remove contaminants 43 . In this current work, the cost of treating 1 L of AQEF was calculated by taking into account the cost of the following: (a) preparing 0.2 g L −1 (optimal dose) of the PNSC; (b) energy, as well as (c) labor.…”

“…Depending on the functional groups (–OH, –COOH, and –NH) present, cationic polyelectrolytes can act as coagulants, neutralizing opposing charges and allowing particles to settle quickly. The rate of agglomeration is comparable to the impact of aluminum sulfate in an aqueous media 11 , 43 .…”

Machine learning model for the optimization and kinetics of petroleum industry effluent treatment using aluminum sulfate

“…The conventional coagulant used for the PIE treatment consisted of 5 kg of industrial-grade aluminum sulfate (AS) coagulant with the specifications Al 2 (SO 4 ) y .16H 2 O, MW = 666.42 g/mol. Consisting of 51-60%, Al 2 SO 4 and pH (2.5-5.5) were bought from a local vendor Kincel Excel Nigeria Limited [14].…”

“…The finding from the literature shows that the effectiveness of the sources of coagulants is largely dependent on several factors such as pH modification, mixing speed, the configuration of the coagulants, and the physical characteristics of the wastewater [13]. The application of aluminum sulfate to wastewater is dispersed by rapid mixing to remove hydrophilic colloids that have been tested over time [14][15][16]. Aluminum sulfate is usually offered at a low price per pound [14] and has been proven to be very effective in wastewater treatment operations [16][17][18][19][20].…”

“…The application of aluminum sulfate to wastewater is dispersed by rapid mixing to remove hydrophilic colloids that have been tested over time [14][15][16]. Aluminum sulfate is usually offered at a low price per pound [14] and has been proven to be very effective in wastewater treatment operations [16][17][18][19][20]. Various parameters such as the effluent stability and pH balance will determine the achievable quality of the finished water at optimum levels and will be cost-effective [13,14].…”