Optimized 3-D Simulation Method for Modeling Out-of-Plane Radiation in Silicon Photonic Integrated Circuits

Abstract

Abstract-We present an accurate and fast 3D simulation scheme for out-of-plane grating couplers, based on two dimensional rigorous (finite difference time domain) grating simulations, the effective index method (EIM), and the RayleighSommerfeld diffraction formula. In comparison with full 3D FDTD simulations, the rms difference in electric field is below 5% and the difference in power flux is below 3%. A grating coupler for coupling from a silicon-on-insulator photonic integrated circuit to an optical fiber positioned 0.1 mm above the circuit is designed as example.

Characterization of Integrated Optical Strain Sensors Based on Silicon Waveguides

“…An amplified spontaneous emission light-source (OptoLink C-band ASE) was used to emit this light, and a 5 nm span of the spectra were recorded with an optical spectrum analyzer (OSA) (Yokogawa AQ6370B). The input and output waveguides of the racetrack resonators are routed to out-of-plane grating couplers at convenient locations on the chip, and coupled to cleaved optical fibers via free-space [24], [25]. These fibers were mounted on stages with piezo positioning, and automatically actively aligned in the horizontal (x,z)-plane before recording a spectrum.…”

Demonstration of Large Coupling-Induced Phase Delay in Silicon Directional Cross-Couplers

“…We used an amplified spontaneous emission light-source (Opto-link ASE) to generate light around 1550 nm, coupled it to-and from the chip using on-chip out-of-plane grating couplers [17], [18], and recorded the transmission spectrum with an optical spectrum analyzer (Yokogawa AQ6370B OSA). The spectra were normalized to the transmission spectrum of a straight waveguide to correct for the grating coupler transmissions.…”