Optimized Carbon Fiber Composites in Wind Turbine Blade Design

Ennis, Brandon Lee; Kelley, Christopher; Naughton, Brian; Norris, Robert E.; Das, Sujit; Lee, Dominic; Miller, D.E.

doi:10.2172/1592956

Cited by 44 publications

(42 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…A 59% reduction in the longitudinal strength was measured in compression compared to tension as compared to the 30% reduction reported in the Zoltek datasheet with a compressive strength of 980 MPa [ 36 ]. Another study performed on pultruded Zoltek PX35 with epoxy resin showed a reduction in the compressive strength of 43% to a value of 897 MPa [ 39 ]. On the other hand, the glass fibre samples showed only a minor reduction in the longitudinal stiffness in compression, suggests that the measured lower stiffness of the CFRP in compression is not related to poor performance of the powder epoxy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-Mode Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Glass and Carbon Fibre Powder Epoxy Composites—For Design of Wind and Tidal Turbine Blades

et al. 2021

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Powder epoxy composites have several advantages for the processing of large composite structures, including low exotherm, viscosity and material cost, as well as the ability to carry out separate melting and curing operations. This work studies the mode I and mixed-mode toughness, as well as the in-plane mechanical properties of unidirectional stitched glass and carbon fibre reinforced powder epoxy composites. The interlaminar fracture toughness is studied in pure mode I by performing Double Cantilever Beam tests and at 25% mode II, 50% mode II and 75% mode II by performing Mixed Mode Bending testing according to the ASTM D5528-13 test standard. The tensile and compressive properties are comparable to that of standard epoxy composites but both the mode I and mixed-mode toughness are shown to be significantly higher than that of other epoxy composites, even when comparing to toughened epoxies. The mixed-mode critical strain energy release rate as a function of the delamination mode ratio is also provided. This paper highlights the potential for powder epoxy composites in the manufacturing of structures where there is a risk of delamination.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mixed-Mode Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Glass and Carbon Fibre Powder Epoxy Composites—For Design of Wind and Tidal Turbine Blades

et al. 2021

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“…Biaxial, triaxial, and unidirectional glass laminates are chosen to be as close as possible to industry standards. An industry-reference pultruded carbon fiber laminate is also adopted from the work of Ennis et al (2019).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Land-based wind turbines with flexible rail transportable blades – Part I: Conceptual design and aeroservoelastic performance

Bortolotti¹,

Johnson²,

Abbas³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Abstract. This work investigates the conceptual design and the aeroservoelastic performance of land-based wind turbines whose blades can be transported on rail via controlled bending. The turbines have a nameplate power of 5 MW and a rotor diameter of 206 m, and they aim to represent the next generation of land-based machines. Three upwind designs and two downwind designs are presented, combining different design goals together with conventional glass and pultruded carbon fiber laminates in the spar caps. The results show that controlled flexing requires a reduction in the flapwise stiffness of the blades, but it represents a promising pathway to increase the size of land-based wind turbine rotors. Given the required stiffness, the rotor can be designed either downwind with standard rotor preconing and nacelle uptilt angles or upwind with higher-than-usual angles. A downwind-specific controller is also presented, featuring a cut-out wind speed reduced to 19 m per second and a pitch-to-stall shutdown strategy to minimize blade-tip deflections toward the tower. The flexible upwind and downwind rotor designs equipped with pultruded carbon fiber spar caps are found to generate the lowest levelized cost of energy, 2.9 % and 1.3 %, respectively, less than the segmented design. The paper concludes with several recommendations for future work in the area of large flexible wind turbine rotors.

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“…They produced in the textile industry and examined under lower blade mass and better fatigue life. Carbon fiber makes it possible to produce more energy at reduced costs (Ennis et al, 2019).…”

Section: Carbon Fibrementioning

confidence: 99%

A Strategic Study on the Environmental Impacts of Wind Turbine Blade Materials, their Improvements, Economics and End-Life-Options

Prakash

Glivin

Kalaiselvan

et al. 2020

Energy Research Journal

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Wind energy is a great alternative to solar energy (During monsoon) along with conventional non-renewable energy sources and has a potential market growing exponentially. Modern 3 Blade HAWTs are most dominant in the market and have high efficiency. Blades are 15 to 20% of the cost of the wind turbine unit and also exposed to the environment. Therefore it is crucial to employ suitable material that has lightweight, high stiffness and strength. Carbon fibre, Glass Fibre, Timber are some materials that are used for blade manufacturing. Design can be improved by stress deformation analysis, load estimation via methodology of blade element momentum or computational simulation using deep learning. Also, by developing a bio-inspirational method via 1% Gravo-Aeroelastic Scaling (GAS), cavity optimization approach and vacuum infusion or reinforcing resins in composites, to improve mechanical properties. To prevent surface erosion due to acidic or saline or rainwater, it is coated with a protective layer. Mechanical recycling of the blade material composites is both simpler and economically viable in comparison to thermal and chemical recycling.

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Optimized Carbon Fiber Composites in Wind Turbine Blade Design

Cited by 44 publications

References 3 publications

Mixed-Mode Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Glass and Carbon Fibre Powder Epoxy Composites—For Design of Wind and Tidal Turbine Blades

Mixed-Mode Interlaminar Fracture Toughness of Glass and Carbon Fibre Powder Epoxy Composites—For Design of Wind and Tidal Turbine Blades

Land-based wind turbines with flexible rail transportable blades – Part I: Conceptual design and aeroservoelastic performance

A Strategic Study on the Environmental Impacts of Wind Turbine Blade Materials, their Improvements, Economics and End-Life-Options

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