Optimized carrier extraction at interfaces for 23.6% efficient tin–lead perovskite solar cells

Hu, Shuaifeng; Otsuka, Kento; Murdey, Richard; Nakamura, Tomoya; Truong, Minh Anh; Yamada, Takumi; Handa, Taketo; Matsuda, Kazuhiro; Nakano, Kyohei; Sato, Atsushi; Marumoto, Kazuhiro; Tajima, Kazuo; Kanemitsu, Yoshihiko; Wakamiya, Atsushi

doi:10.1039/d2ee00288d

Cited by 251 publications

(348 citation statements)

References 96 publications

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“…The optimal certified power conversion efficiency (PCE) for a lead (Pb) halide perovskite solar cell (PSC) has now reached over 25% [ 1 ]. Similarly, the highest reported PCE of a mixed tin–lead (Sn–Pb) PSC is 23.6%, realized after treatment with ethylenediammonium (EDA) and glycinium (GlyH) as surface passivators [ 2 ]. Despite this notable success, current Sn–Pb alloyed PSCs still display stubborn shortcomings in terms of stability.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Mixed Intermediate Phases in Methylammonium-Free Sn–Pb Alloyed Perovskites for High-Performance Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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The complete elimination of methylammonium (MA) cations in Sn–Pb composites can extend their light and thermal stabilities. Unfortunately, MA-free Sn–Pb alloyed perovskite thin films suffer from wrinkled surfaces and poor crystallization, due to the coexistence of mixed intermediate phases. Here, we report an additive strategy for finely regulating the impurities in the intermediate phase of Cs0.25FA0.75Pb0.6Sn0.4I3 and, thereby, obtaining high-performance solar cells. We introduced d-homoserine lactone hydrochloride (D-HLH) to form hydrogen bonds and strong Pb–O/Sn–O bonds with perovskite precursors, thereby weakening the incomplete complexation effect between polar aprotic solvents (e.g., DMSO) and organic (FAI) or inorganic (CsI, PbI2, and SnI2) components, and balancing their nucleation processes. This treatment completely transformed mixed intermediate phases into pure preformed perovskite nuclei prior to thermal annealing. Besides, this D-HLH substantially inhibited the oxidation of Sn2+ species. This strategy generated a record efficiency of 21.61%, with a Voc of 0.88 V for an MA-free Sn–Pb device, and an efficiency of 23.82% for its tandem device. The unencapsulated devices displayed impressive thermal stability at 85 °C for 300 h and much improved continuous operation stability at MPP for 120 h.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Resolving Mixed Intermediate Phases in Methylammonium-Free Sn–Pb Alloyed Perovskites for High-Performance Solar Cells

et al. 2022

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“…Here, we found that an ideal bandgap perovskite (1.3-1.4 eV) with a 33% limit efficiency is a more ideal candidate as it can lead to a better energy level matching with an NIR polymer, which greatly differs the perovskites used in from previous IPBSCs having a broader bandgap. [30][31][32][33][34] The well-matched energy levels yield efficient charge transfer for both electrons and holes. Benefitting from ideal-bandgap perovskite, well-matched energy levels, extensive NIR solar absorption and effective passivation effects enabled by a strong interaction between the perovskite and the BHJ layer, the integrated solar cells showed simultaneously improved V OC , J SC , and FF, yielding unprecedented PCEs in both inverted PSCs and IPBSCs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Integrated Ideal‐Bandgap Perovskite/Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells with Efficiencies > 24%

et al. 2022

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Here, the authors report a highly efficient integrated ideal‐bandgap perovskite/bulk‐heterojunction solar cell (IPBSC) with an inverted architecture, featuring a near infrared (NIR) polymer DTBTI‐based bulk‐heterojunction (BHJ) layer atop guanidinium bromide (GABr)‐modified FA0.7MA0.3Pb0.7Sn0.3I3 perovskite film as the photoactive layer. The IPBSC shows cascade‐like energy level alignment between the charge‐extractionlayer/perovskite/BHJ and efficient passivation effect of BHJ on perovskite. Thanks to the well‐matched energy level alignment and high‐quality ideal bandgap‐based perovskite film, an efficient charge transfer occurs between the charge‐extraction‐layer/perovskite/BHJ. Moreover, the NIR polymer DTBTI on the perovskite film leads to an improved NIR light response for the IPBSC. In addition, the O, S and N atoms in the DTBTI polymer yield a strong interaction with perovskite, which is conducive to reducing the defects of the perovskite and suppressing charge recombination. As a result, the solar cell achieves a power conversion efficiency (PCE) of 24.27% (certificated value at 23.4% with 0.283‐volt voltage loss), currently the recorded efficiency for both IPBSCs and Pb‐Sn alloyed PSCs, and which is over the highest efficiency of perovskite–organic tandem solar cell. Moreover, the thermal, humidity and long‐term operational stabilities of the IPBSCs are also significantly improved compared with the control PSCs.

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“…After the success of Pb-based PSCs, the Sn-based PSCs have also achieved rapid progress in promoting efficiency. Sn-Pb mixed perovskites Cs 0.1 FA 0.6 MA 0.3 Pb 0.5 Sn 0.5 I 3 based solar cells have achieved efficiency over 23.6%, [27] and pure Sn-based FASnI 3 perovskite have reached the efficiency of 14.8%. [28] In addition to the bandgap red-shift toward the optimal region, the intrusion of the Sn anion at the B site has a substantial impact on the structural stability of the 3D perovskite.…”

Section: Introduction 1why Ma Br-free and Sn-based Perovskitesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Methylammonium and Bromide‐Free Tin‐Based Low Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells

Imran

Rauf

Raza

et al. 2022

Advanced Energy Materials

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its volatility and reversible/irreversible decomposition reaction even at low temperature, MA is gradually avoided in the material designs. [9] At the same time, FA is more thermally stable than MA due to its stronger hydrogen bonding with PbX 6 octahedra and benign reversible decomposition reaction below 85 °C, and it is the primary cation in practically all current high-performance PSCs. [10,11] Also, FA has no irreversible (nonselective) back reaction. [12] At the same time, in order to approach the bandgap of 1.34 eV according to the Schottky-Queisser (S-Q) limit, from initially MAPbI 3 to double cation (MAFA or FACs), [10,13,14] triple cation (CsMAFA) based perovskites, [5] eventually to quadruple (CsRbMAFA) based perovskites, [4,[15][16][17] and recently FAPbI 3 are dominated ones. [18][19][20] FAPbI 3 has an ideal, narrow bandgap since FA remains the largest organic cation that fits into a 3D perovskite crystal structure. [21] The implicit or explicit goal of perovskite research is to obtain a black FA-based (stable phase) perovskite at room temperature. Avoiding yellow phase impurities encouraged the advancement of processing techniques and elaborate multication, multi-halide mixtures.It has been proved that the invasion of Br anion at the X site is effective for stabilizing the black phase FA-based and other perovskites. But it leads to an adverse blue-shift of the bandgap disproportionately. For example, there is a spanning of 700 meV persisting in MAPbI x Br 1-x from 2.28 eV (MAPbBr 3 ) to 1.58 eV (MAPbI 3 ). [22] Furthermore, from a stability perspective, introducing Br anion in iodide-based perovskites is unfavorable since Br/I mixtures will undergo severe anion segregation Lead halide-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) are intriguing candidates for photovoltaic technology because of their high efficiency, low cost, and simple process advantages. Owing to lead toxicity, PSCs based on partially/fully substituted Pb with tin have attracted tremendous attention, which would enable the ideal bandgap to approach the Shockley-Queisser (S-Q) limit. Especially, methylammonium (MA), bromide-free, tin-based perovskites are striking, because of the intrinsic poor stability of MA and blue shift caused by the incorporation of Br − . The first section of this review emphasizes the motivation for studying single-junction MA, Br-free, and Sn-based perovskites. The film quality improvement strategies of Sn-based perovskites, including additive, composition, dimensional, and interface engineering toward high-efficiency devices are comprehensively overviewed. Moreover, strategies to improve stability, where shelf, thermal and operational stabilities of the devices are summarized. Finally, this review concludes with a discussion of actual limitations and future prospects for Sn-based PSCs.

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Optimized carrier extraction at interfaces for 23.6% efficient tin–lead perovskite solar cells

Abstract: This work provides an efficient way to facilitate both electron and hole extraction in the designated interfaces of perovskite solar cells. A record power conversion efficiency of 23.6% for mixed Sn–Pb perovskite solar cell devices is realized.

Cited by 251 publications

References 96 publications

Resolving Mixed Intermediate Phases in Methylammonium-Free Sn–Pb Alloyed Perovskites for High-Performance Solar Cells

Resolving Mixed Intermediate Phases in Methylammonium-Free Sn–Pb Alloyed Perovskites for High-Performance Solar Cells

Integrated Ideal‐Bandgap Perovskite/Bulk‐Heterojunction Solar Cells with Efficiencies > 24%

Methylammonium and Bromide‐Free Tin‐Based Low Bandgap Perovskite Solar Cells

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