Optimized Condition for Pairing of Different Friction Factor and Viscosity Equations for the Frictional Pressure Drop of R22 and R290

Abstract

Accurate prediction of the friction factor and consequently the pressure drop of two-phase flow in small channels is still an issue. Many correlations exist for the determination of the viscosity and the friction factor that appear in the frictional pressure drop and their combination often determined the degree of disagreements between the experimental data and predicted outcomes. Demands for environmentally friendly refrigerants have further posed a challenge to find compatible alternatives with as good a performance as the current coolants. Despite the many available correlations developed to date, many more are studied in effort to reduce the discrepancies. This paper presents the outcomes of a study comparing the optimized conditions when three different viscosity equations are paired with eight different friction factor correlations to minimize the frictional pressure drop. The approach used multi-objective genetic algorithm (MOGA) to assist in selecting the best pairing. Comparison is then completed with available experimental data. The study showed that the Blasius friction factor paired with the Dukler viscosity produced the least percentage difference for R22, while when paired with the McAdams viscosity produced a lower difference for R290, an environmentally friendly refrigerant being considered to replace R22.

Development of Environmentally - Friendly and Energy Efficient Refrigerant for Medium Temperature Refrigeration Systems

“…R32 is low-GWP, zero-ODP, highcapacity, and nontoxic, but operates under high pressure and is not flammable, which is in contrast to R134A, which possesses highly similar properties but can operate under low pressure and has low capacity. Systems that operate with R22 [41], R417A [42], R417B [43], R422A [44], R422B [45], R422C [46], R422D [47], R424A [48], R433A [49], R437A [50], R438A [51] and R453A [52], were developed as an alternative to R22 and mixed with HCs and HFCs, as shown in Tables 1-4. Systems that operate with R134A [53], R450A [54], R456A [40], R513A [55], and R515A [40] were developed as an alternative to R134A, and mixed with HCs, HFCs, and HFOs, as shown in Table 5.…”

Development of Environmentally Friendly and Energy Efficient Refrigerants for Refrigeration Systems

“…R32 is low-GWP, zero ODP, high-capacity, and non-toxic, but operates under high pressure and is flammable; in contrast to R134A, which possesses highly similar properties but can operate under low pressure and has low capacity. Current refrigeration systems use R22 [41], as well as R417A [42], R417B [43], R422A [44], R422B [45], R422C [46], R422D [47], R424A [48], R433A [49], R437A [50], R438A [51], and R453A [52], all of which were developed as alternatives to R22 and which are mixed with HCs and HFCs, as shown in Tabs. 1-4.…”

The Data Mining Technique Using RapidMiner Software for New Zeotropic Refrigerant

“…R32 is low-GWP, zero ODP, high-capacity, and non-toxic, but operates under high pressure and is flammable; in contrast to R134a, which possesses highly similar properties but can operate under low pressure and has low capacity. Current refrigeration systems use R22 [41], as well as R417A [42], R417B [43], R422A [44], R422B [45], R422C [46], R422D [47], R424A [48], R433A [49], R437A [50], R438A [51], and R453A [52], all of which were developed as alternatives to R22 and which are mixed with HCs and HFCs, as shown in Table 1-4. The lowest normal boiling points (of R422A and R422C) are -46.80 °C and -46.20 °C, respectively, lower than that of R22 by 12.82% and 11.69%.…”