The technological process of seeding is very important in the production of cereals because seed germination, growth, yield and the qualitative parameters depend on the quality of seeding. Variable rate and variable depth precision seeding technology is relatively new and has many unanswered questions. The aim of this work was to investigate the influence of precision seeding of winter wheat according to a variable rate and variable depth on the grain yield, to evaluate different technological processes of seeding in terms of energy and environmental aspects, and to compare the obtained results with conventional seeding technology. Experimental research on growing winter wheat was carried out in 2021–2022. Precision seeding was performed using a variable rate seeding map generated from soil electrical conductivity data obtained by field surface scanning with the apparent soil electrical conductivity instrument EM-38 MK2 (Geonics Ltd, Canada). Three seeding technological processes were applied, the first variant was a uniform rate (URS, control), the second was a variable seeding rate (VRS), the third was a variable rate and variable depth (VRSD). Energy and environmental assessment were carried out using technological operations, fuel and material equivalents. The results of the experimental studies showed that the highest winter wheat grain yield (8744.08 kg·ha-1) was in the VRSD variant and it was about 6.5% higher compared to the conventional URS variant. The energy environmental analysis reported that the best energy and environmental efficiency results were achieved using the same VRSD technology, with the highest energy efficiency ratio (8.81) and the best GHG emission efficiency ratio (10.31), and the lowest environmental pollution per ton of winter wheat grain produced (56.24 kg CO2eq t-1).