Optimized design of an arterial network model reproduces characteristic central and peripheral haemodynamic waveform features of young adults

Abstract

support-information-section).

The Impact of Left Ventricular Performance and Afterload on the Evaluation of Aortic Valve Stenosis: A 1D Mathematical Modeling Approach

“…A 1D modeling of the cardiovascular system provides wave propagation analyses with a low computational cost [ 10 ]. Up to the present, 1D analyses have been extensively used to simulate the hemodynamical characteristics of the cardiovascular system, and the simulated pressure and flow waveforms are successfully validated with the in vivo measurements [ 10 , 11 , 12 , 13 ]. It has been shown that these models can be used not only to study complex hemodynamic mechanisms but also to develop integrative diagnostic tools and methods by offering a very flexible platform of in silico experimentation [ 14 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Haemodynamic effects of hypertension and type 2 diabetes: Insights from a 4D flow MRI‐based personalized cardiovascular mathematical model

“…Personalized models range from larger 3D electrophysiological and fluid dynamics models (Lantz et al., 2016; Sermesant et al., 2012), which are computationally expensive, to smaller and less computationally heavy lumped parameter (0D) or one‐dimensional (1D) models, which provide fast patient‐specific simulations of both central and global haemodynamics suitable in a clinical setting (Shi et al., 2011). Personalized 0D–1D models can estimate subject‐specific aortic pressure in healthy subjects (Gallo et al., 2021; Kondiboyina et al., 2022; Mariscal‐Harana et al., 2021) and describe baroreflex regulation (Randall et al., 2019), but do not focus on assessing other haemodynamic mechanisms important in hypertension and diabetes. Several non‐patient‐specific models have been used to investigate haemodynamic aspects of hypertension such as sodium balance (Guyton et al., 1972) and the contribution of both cardiac remodelling and increased peripheral resistance to increased blood pressure (Segers et al., 2000).…”

Reflections on reflected waves in ‘YoungAdult’

“…This potential adverse effect of wave reflection needs to be balanced against demonstrated adverse effects of aortic stiffening, impedance‐matching and reduced global wave reflection on microvascular structure and function. Kondiboyina et al., 2022 are correct to cite the ‘beautiful tuning’ of an arterial system that juxtaposes a low‐impedance transmission line with high‐impedance branch vessels; however, additional reflection on the roles of wave reflection may be necessary to fully realize the potential of the model.…”

“…Innovations incorporated by Kondiboyina et al, 2022 into the 'YoungAdult' model are commendable and will advance the field. However, assumptions enforced when initializing the model require thought and Perspective J Physiol 600.20 must reflect key empirical observations, such as pressure amplification.…”

“…To bridge this gap, modelling studies are often employed to manipulate individual elements of load and assess the effects on observed pressure and flow. In the current issue of The Journal of Physiology , Kondiboyina et al., 2022 have introduced a sophisticated new ‘YoungAdult’ model of the arterial system that adds to the toolbox available to investigators working in the field (Kondiboyina et al., 2022). The goals of the study were to derive a model that reproduces the characteristics of a youthful central arterial pressure waveform: an early peak with negative pressure augmentation (type C waveform) and a diastolic pressure hump.…”