“…However in recent years there has been increasing interest in network resilience and survivability with journals dedicating special issues to the resilience of networks and components, specialized focused conferences being held (e.g., Reliable Network Design and Modeling (RNDM), Design of Reliable Communication Networks (DRCN)) and several excellent books published [26,33,42]. The current literature tends to focus on providing survivability in a particular technology at a specific layer (i.e., application overlay layer [21,36] switched layer (IP [18], MPLS [4]), physical transport layer [25]) in a piece of the network architecture (e.g., MAN or WAN). For example, developing techniques for implementation of lightpath restoration in core DWDM optical backbone sections of the Internet (e.g., a Tier 1 ISP network) [25] or survivable SONET Ring techniques to overcome link failures in MANs.…”