Optimized Formation of Benzyl Isothiocyanate by Endogenous Enzyme and its Extraction from &lt;i&gt;Carica Papaya&lt;/i&gt; Seed

Li, Wenzhao; Du, Yideng; Zhang, Yan; Chi, Ying-Zhou; Shi, Zong-Yi; Chen, Wen; Mei-juan, Ruan; Zhu, Hua

doi:10.4314/tjpr.v13i8.15

Cited by 7 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…Previous studies have shown BITC is the major principle in papaya seeds [ 17 ]. This study obtained a high purity of BITC which was in good accordance with previous studies [ 29 ]. Furthermore, BITC is a volatile and relatively insoluble in water, the advantages of steam distillation extraction method is that BITC and volatile oil would be extracted while non-volatile oil and other impurities would be excluded.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

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The Candida albicans Inhibitory Activity of the Extract from Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Relates to Mitochondria Dysfunction

Zhang

Chen

2017

IJMS

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The inhibitory activity of the papaya seed extract (PSE) on Candida albicans (C. albicans) was determined by turbidimetry method. The inhibitory mechanisms were also evaluated from the prospective of reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation, mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) decrease, and the activities of four complex enzymes in mitochondria respiratory chain. Results obtained from this study indicated that the PSE exhibited an effective inhibitory activity on C. albicans and induced significant accumulation of ROS and collapse of MMP. The Complex I and Complex III exhibited continues significant decrease in mitochondrial enzyme activity assays, but the Complex II and Complex IV activities were not positively correlated. Furthermore, the GC-MS analysis demonstrated that the PSE represents a rich and high-purity source of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), which indicated the BITC may be responsible for the mitochondrial dysfunction.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 89%

“…The content of BITC could reach 99.36% [ 23 ]. Several methodologies have been reproted to obtain a high content of BITC [ 28 , 29 , 30 ]. BITC is a non-polar substance and mainly extracted by organic solvent in the mentioned previous sdudies.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Candida albicans Inhibitory Activity of the Extract from Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Relates to Mitochondria Dysfunction

Zhang

Chen

2017

IJMS

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“…UV-vis absorption measurements were performed to determine the molecular encapsulation of BITC in two CDs, i.e., β-CD and HP-β-CD. These studies proved to be very suitable to explore the structural changes and formation of inclusion complexes (22). UV-visible absorption spectra of BITC showed single broadband centered at around 254 nm (23).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Synthesis, Physiochemical and Biological evaluation of Inclusion Complex of Benzyl Isothiocyanate encapsulated in cyclodextrins for triple negative breast cancer

Uppal

Kumar

Kaur

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC), an organic dietary compound, is allied with a major role in the potential chemopreventive effects. BITC has acknowledged rising attention as a therapeutic compound to be used in medicine because of its high potency and characteristic biopharmaceutical properties, like high permeability with marginal aqueous solubility. The highly volatile and hydrophobic nature brought a need to provide a suitable delivery-matrix to BITC to exploit its pharmacological potential to the fullest. It has been successfully incorporated in β-CD and HP-β-CD using acoustic forces and thoroughly characterized using UV-vis spectroscopy, FTIR, DSC, TEM, and SAXS. The complexation helped in masking the acute odour, achieving a controlled release of BITC, and made its use viable by prolonging the retention time and thereby sustaining the biological effects. Different models like Higuchi, first-order kinetic decay, Korsmeyer-Peppas model were applied, suggesting a diffusion-controlled mechanism of release. Also, the bioaccessibility and stability of BITC in an in vitro digestion model was evaluated. The main objective of the present work was to systemically study the credibility of BITC-CD complexes in well-established tumor mimicking 2D cell culture models and produce a conclusive report on its chemotherapeutic activity. The in vitro anti-cancer activity of BITC and the formed sonochemical complexes was confirmed by MTT assay and further evaluated using apoptosis assay and production of ROS like moieties. Cell cycle analysis was done to evaluate the growth inhibitory mechanism of BITC. Strikingly, BITC and its complexes showcased ROS generation and lysosome-mediated cell death. Effect on cell migration was assessed using wound healing assay. The results promptly suggest the functional efficacy of the CDs in releasing BITC and attest the ability of the complexes to provide alternate to otherwise remedially sparse triple-negative breast cancer.

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“…In Table 4, the present method was compared with some reported methods, which have been applied to the extraction and analysis of BITC in papaya fruit [9][10][11][12][13]17,…”

Section: Methods Performance Comparisonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For this method, Samples are usually pretreated before analysis to achieve the purpose of separation, purification, and enrichment of BITC. Traditional extraction methods, such as simultaneous distillation, steam distillation, and solvent extraction, have been applied to extract BITC in papaya [9,11,12]. However, these methods are generally time-consuming and laborious with low sensitivity and require a large amount of toxic and environmentally unfriendly organic solvents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rapid and sensitive analysis of benzyl isothiocyanate in peel, pulp, and seeds of Carica papaya Linn. by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

Wen

Chen

et al. 2021

SN Appl. Sci.

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A rapid and sensitive headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (HS-GC–MS) method was established for the determination of benzyl isothiocyanate (BITC) in the peel, pulp, and seeds of Carica papaya Linn. Tween 80 solution with a concentration of 0.002% (w/v) was chosen as a headspace medium for solving the poor solubility of BITC in water without using organic solvents and ensuring high headspace efficiencies. Extraction parameters had been evaluated and optimized by using an orthogonal design with an OA9(34) table. Optimal headspace conditions were obtained when vials were equilibrated at 80 °C for 20 min at a stirring speed of 375 rpm. The calibration curve obtained by using GC–MS was linear in a concentration range of 10–320 ng/mL. The recoveries of peel, pulp, and seeds ranged from 97.3 to 100.6% with RSDs less than 3.0%. The method is simple, rapid, sensitive, and environmentally friendly. It is suitable for analyzing BITC in papaya fruit and is expected to have important application potential in the extraction of water-insoluble volatile components in foods, plants, medicines, and other samples.

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Optimized Formation of Benzyl Isothiocyanate by Endogenous Enzyme and its Extraction from <i>Carica Papaya</i> Seed

Cited by 7 publications

References 11 publications

The Candida albicans Inhibitory Activity of the Extract from Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Relates to Mitochondria Dysfunction

The Candida albicans Inhibitory Activity of the Extract from Papaya (Carica papaya L.) Seed Relates to Mitochondria Dysfunction

Synthesis, Physiochemical and Biological evaluation of Inclusion Complex of Benzyl Isothiocyanate encapsulated in cyclodextrins for triple negative breast cancer

Rapid and sensitive analysis of benzyl isothiocyanate in peel, pulp, and seeds of Carica papaya Linn. by headspace gas chromatography-mass spectrometry

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