Optimized gadolinia concepts for advanced in-core fuel management in PWRs

Fabrication of oxide pellets containing lumped Gd2O3using Y2O3-stabilized ZrO2for burnable absorber fuel applications

“…3,37 Accordingly, the corresponding diameter of the lumped Gd 2 O 3 BA rod should be approximately 1.3 mm to 2.8 mm. 3,37 Accordingly, the corresponding diameter of the lumped Gd 2 O 3 BA rod should be approximately 1.3 mm to 2.8 mm.…”

“…The amount of Gd 2 O 3 that is usually used in the conventional UO 2 -Gd 2 O 3 fuel is around 2 to 10 wt.% of the total pellet mass. 3,37 Accordingly, the corresponding diameter of the lumped Gd 2 O 3 BA rod should be approximately 1.3 mm to 2.8 mm. Therefore, an annular steel mold with an inner hole diameter of 2 mm and an outer cavity diameter of 10 mm was manufactured to fabricate the annular oxide pellets with a central hole.…”

Nuclear forensic science—From cradle to maturity

“…Different additives serve for different purposes, e.g. erbium and gadolinium are used as burnable poisons in certain fuels [7,8], and gallium is used to stabilise the ␦-phase of plutonium in large temperature range [9].…”

Simulations of Lithium-Based Neutron Coincidence Counter for Gd-Loaded Fuel

“…One current safeguards challenge is in the assay of fresh uranium fuel doped with 3-12% Gd as a burnable poison to control the fuel burn-up rate [Asou 1997, Durmazucar 2000, Espinosa 2011, Jo 2009, Kloosterman 2003, Massih 1993, Mikus 2014, Rogers 2009, Schlieck 2001, Soba 2014, van Dam 2000, Yamate 1997, Yilmaz 2006. Currently, the IAEA uses active well coincidence counters (AWCC) based on 3 He, but particularly for assemblies with high Gd content, systematic errors can be high and measurement times very long (hours), in contrast to about ten minutes for non-Gd loaded fuel.…”