Optimized integration of storage tanks in heat pump systems and adapted control strategies

Floss, Alexander G.; Hofmann, Stefan

doi:10.1016/j.enbuild.2015.01.009

Cited by 23 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…As a matter of fact, the DHW storage system is generally small [23] and easy to install inside the dwelling. Nevertheless, the storage system required for space heating is much larger, depending on the climate zone, the characteristics of the house, and the behavior of the occupants The results of the simulations carried out confirm the usefulness of the heat pumps to increase the flexibility of the loads [62,63], as a basic element of a system that must necessarily include storage systems [64][65][66]. Anyway, the location of the storage system inside the dwellings remains to be explored.…”

Section: Heating Cooling and Dhw Systems Upgradingmentioning

confidence: 75%

Energy Retrofitting Effects on the Energy Flexibility of Dwellings

Mancini

Nastasi

2019

Energies

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Electrification of the built environment is foreseen as a main driver for energy transition for more effective, electric renewable capacity firming. Direct and on-time use of electricity is the best way to integrate them, but the current energy demand of residential building stock is often mainly fuel-based. Switching from fuel to electric-driven heating systems could play a key role. Yet, it implies modifications in the building stock due to the change in the temperature of the supplied heat by new heat pumps compared to existing boilers and in power demand to the electricity meter. Conventional energy retrofitting scenarios are usually evaluated in terms of cost-effective energy saving, while the effects on the electrification and flexibility are neglected. In this paper, the improvement of the building envelope and the installations of electric-driven space heating and domestic hot water production systems is analyzed for 419 dwellings. The dwellings database was built by means of a survey among the students attending the Faculty of Architecture at Sapienza University of Rome. A set of key performance indicators were selected for energy and environmental performance. The changes in the energy flexibility led to the viable participation of all the dwellings to a demand response programme.

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Section: Heating Cooling and Dhw Systems Upgradingmentioning

confidence: 75%

Energy Retrofitting Effects on the Energy Flexibility of Dwellings

Mancini

Nastasi

2019

Energies

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“…The dynamic behaviour of the HP is studied by [45][46][47][48]. The major differences to the condensing boiler are variations in the start-up and shut-down phases, which are neglected in this experimental case study to justify the usage of a virtual HP model.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Economic model predictive control for demand flexibility of a residential building

Finck

Zeiler

2019

Energy

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Future building energy management systems will have to be capable of adapting to variation in the rate of production of energy from renewable sources. Controllers employing a model predictive control (MPC) framework can optimise and schedule energy usage based on the availability of renewably generated energy.In this paper, an MPC using artificial neural networks (ANNs) was implemented in a residential building. The ANN-MPC was successfully tested and demonstrated good performance predicting the building's energy consumption. The controller was then modified to function as an economic MPC (EMPC) to optimise demand flexibility (i.e., the ability to adapt energy demands to fluctuations in supply). The operational costs of energy usage were associated with this demand flexibility, which was represented by three flexibility indicators: flexibility factor, supply cover factor, and load cover factor. The results from a day-long test showed that these flexibility indicators were maximised (flexibility factor ranged from -0.88 to 0.67, supply cover factor from 0.04 to 0.13, and load cover factor from 0.07 to 0.16) when the EMPC controller's demand flexibility was compared to that of a conventional proportional-integral (PI) controller. The EMPC framework for demand flexibility can be used to regulate on-site energy generation, grid consumption, and grid feed-in and can thus serve as a basis for overall optimisation of the operation of heating systems to achieve greater demand flexibility.

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“…This point becomes essential in order to avoid oversizing of the system and allows the decoupling of DHW consumption from DHW production [12]. However, it will add irreversibility's to the system as the temperature water production in the heat pump must be higher in order to compensate the ST thermal losses [13], cost and control complexity.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%