Under anaerobic conditions, several species of green algae perform a light-dependent hydrogen production catalyzed by a special group of [FeFe] hydrogenases termed HydA. Although highly interesting for biotechnological applications, the direct connection between photosynthetic electron transport and hydrogenase activity is still a matter of speculation. By establishing an in vitro reconstitution system, we demonstrate that the photosynthetic ferredoxin (PetF) is essential for efficient electron transfer between photosystem I and HydA1. To investigate the electrostatic interaction process and electron transfer between PetF and HydA1, we performed site-directed mutagenesis. Kinetic analyses with several site-directed mutagenesis variants of HydA1 and PetF enabled us to localize the respective contact sites. These experiments in combination with in silico docking analyses indicate that electrostatic interactions between the conserved HydA1 residue Lys 396 and the C terminus of PetF as well as between the PetF residue Glu 122 and the N-terminal amino group of HydA1 play a major role in complex formation and electron transfer. Mapping of relevant HydA1 and PetF residues constitutes an important basis for manipulating the physiological photosynthetic electron flow in favor of light-driven H 2 production.Among all photosynthetic organisms, only green algae can couple light-driven electron transport originating from water splitting with hydrogen production (1). Hydrogen evolution in the unicellular green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is naturally induced upon nutrient deprivation (2). Especially in the absence of sulfur, the photosynthetic oxygen evolution rate drops below the respiratory rate leading to intracellular anaerobiosis. Under anaerobic conditions, the oxygen-sensitive (2, 3) [FeFe] hydrogenase HydA is synthesized and catalyzes light-dependent H 2 production, thereby dissipating excess redox equivalents under conditions in which the Calvin cycle is down-regulated (4).The extraordinarily small monomeric [FeFe] hydrogenases of green algae only consist of the catalytic core unit containing the active site (H-cluster), whereas other [FeFe] hydrogenases possess an additional N-terminal F-domain harboring one to four accessory iron-sulfur clusters (5, 6). Because Chlorophytatype [FeFe] hydrogenases lack any accessory clusters (7, 8), a direct electron transfer between the native electron donor and the H-cluster has been assumed (9, 10). In C. reinhardtii, HydA1 has been shown to be localized in the chloroplast stroma (11), and first kinetic examinations with purified proteins demonstrated that the plastidic ferredoxin PetF can interact with HydA1. These results and the fact that H 2 production in C. reinhardtii is photosystem I (PSI) 2 -dependent (4) led to the hypothesis that PetF is the native electron donor of the plastidic hydrogenase (12). Derived from in silico analyses, two possible PetF-HydA2 electron transfer complex models were recently suggested (13). However, in contrast to the well studied interacti...