Optimized performance of erbium-doped fiber amplifiers in multiwavelength lightwave systems

1550-nm fluorescence efficiency and heat generation of erbium-doped fiber pumped by pulsed and quasi-continuous-wave lasers

“…The temperature T inside the fiber core can be expressed as T MLL,NMLL = − E/ k ln(R MLL,NMLL /C) . (1) Then, the relationship between T MLL and T NMLL can be derived as…”

“…Therefore, the maximal conversion efficiency of 1550-nm fluorescence is estimated to be 3.1%. Nevertheless, the conversion efficiency can be further increased by optimizing the EDF length [1]. Double pass forward and backward configurations have been utilized to increase the 1550-nm fluorescence power conversion efficiency [13].…”

Multiwavelength Transmission of 980 nm-Pumped Erbium-doped Fiber Amplifier Cascaded Chain

“…This may cause significant system impairments when the power variations beyond the receiver dynamic range and when some channel signal-tonoise ratios (SNRs) are too low to be detected. Although several external equalization techniques have been invented to equalize the signal levels and SNRs [1][2][3][4][5], the intrinsic method with optimizing system variables [6], maintaining high inversion [7,8], and optimizing individual EDFA parameters [9,10] seems to be a more simple way to achieve flat-gain performance. Multiwavelength operation of 1480-nm pumped intrinsic gain-equalized EDFA cascade has been report recently [7], a full picture of system behavior of 980-nm pumped EDFA chains will require experiments to study their WDM transmission system performance.…”

“…In this work, we investigate the multiwavelength propagation behavior of 980 nm pumped EDFA cascaded chains based on intrinsic gain-equalized method [9,10], in which each individual EDFA is designed to maximize the difference between the least-favored signal gain and the spectral gain variations. We find that suppression of 1.53-μιη amplified spontaneous emission (ASE) power is an important issue to obtain small inter-channel power variations and large channel SNRs.…”