Optimized Photoclick (Bio)Resins for Fast Volumetric Bioprinting (Adv. Mater. 49/2021)

Rizzo, Riccardo; Rütsche, Dominic; Líu, Hao; Zenobi‐Wong, Marcy

doi:10.1002/adma.202170384

Cited by 24 publications

(62 citation statements)

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“…This specific size was selected to generate filaments that could completely embed the produced organoids, even though finer printing resolution are possible as shown before in Figure 1B,C, in which resolution superior to what is shown with volumetric printing up to date has been demonstrated. [ 15,16,24,25 ] In an ideal print, both the thick border of the disc and the thinner filament, herein used as a benchmark to quantify the printing resolution, should solidify at the same time after receiving the same, optimal light dose. Exceeding this optimal dose will cause overcuring of the fine feature, thickening of the filament wall, and eventually clogging of the disc.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric Bioprinting of Organoids and Optically Tuned Hydrogels to Build Liver‐Like Metabolic Biofactories

et al. 2022

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Organ‐ and tissue‐level biological functions are intimately linked to microscale cell–cell interactions and to the overarching tissue architecture. Together, biofabrication and organoid technologies offer the unique potential to engineer multi‐scale living constructs, with cellular microenvironments formed by stem cell self‐assembled structures embedded in customizable bioprinted geometries. This study introduces the volumetric bioprinting of complex organoid‐laden constructs, which capture key functions of the human liver. Volumetric bioprinting via optical tomography shapes organoid‐laden gelatin hydrogels into complex centimeter‐scale 3D structures in under 20 s. Optically tuned bioresins enable refractive index matching of specific intracellular structures, countering the disruptive impact of cell‐mediated light scattering on printing resolution. This layerless, nozzle‐free technique poses no harmful mechanical stresses on organoids, resulting in superior viability and morphology preservation post‐printing. Bioprinted organoids undergo hepatocytic differentiation showing albumin synthesis, liver‐specific enzyme activity, and remarkably acquired native‐like polarization. Organoids embedded within low stiffness gelatins (<2 kPa) are bioprinted into mathematically defined lattices with varying degrees of pore network tortuosity, and cultured under perfusion. These structures act as metabolic biofactories in which liver‐specific ammonia detoxification can be enhanced by the architectural profile of the constructs. This technology opens up new possibilities for regenerative medicine and personalized drug testing.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Volumetric Bioprinting of Organoids and Optically Tuned Hydrogels to Build Liver‐Like Metabolic Biofactories

et al. 2022

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“…Previous reports have demonstrated the fabrication of similar structures under concentrations of only 10 000 or 1 million cells mL −1 . [ 8,13 ] At a concentration of 4 million cells mL −1 , the scattering mean free path of the resin is l s = 3.6 mm. The cell‐laden constructs were printed in vials whose inner diameter is L = 13 mm.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Controlling Light in Scattering Materials for Volumetric Additive Manufacturing

et al. 2022

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3D printing has revolutionized the manufacturing of volumetric components and structures in many areas. Several fully volumetric light‐based techniques have been recently developed thanks to the advent of photocurable resins, promising to reach unprecedented short print time (down to a few tens of seconds) while keeping a good resolution (around 100 μm). However, these new approaches only work with homogeneous and relatively transparent resins so that the light patterns used for photo‐polymerization are not scrambled along their propagation. Herein, a method that takes into account light scattering in the resin prior to computing projection patterns is proposed. Using a tomographic volumetric printer, it is experimentally demonstrated that implementation of this correction is critical when printing objects whose size exceeds the scattering mean free path. To show the broad applicability of the technique, functional objects of high print fidelity are fabricated in hard organic scattering acrylates and soft cell‐laden hydrogels (at 4 million cells mL −1 ). This opens up promising perspectives in printing inside turbid materials with particular interesting applications for bioprinting cell‐laden constructs.

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“…By contrast, a recent publication by Rizzo et al. [ 200 ] showed that when gelatin–norbornene (GelNB) was used for volumetric tomographic printing, there was no need for postprinting crosslinking. Although both GelMA and GelNB uses gelatin as the parent polymer, the crosslinking process is fundamentally different (chain‐growth vs step‐growth polymerization), which might explain the difference in bioresin performance observed.…”

Section: Bioresins and Recent Advancesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Next Evolution in Organ‐Scale Biofabrication: Bioresin Design for Rapid High‐Resolution Vat Polymerization

2022

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The field of bioprinting has made significant advancements in recent years and allowed for the precise deposition of biomaterials and cells. However, within this field lies a major challenge, which is developing high resolution constructs, with complex architectures. In an effort to overcome these challenges a biofabrication technique known as vat polymerization is being increasingly investigated due to its high fabrication accuracy and control of resolution (µm scale). Despite the progress made in developing hydrogel precursors for bioprinting techniques, such as extrusion‐based bioprinting, there is a major lack in developing hydrogel precursor bioresins for vat polymerization. This is due to the specific unique properties and characteristics required for vat polymerization, from lithography to the latest volumetric printing. This is of major concern as the shortage of bioresins available has a significant impact on progressing this technology and exploring its full potential, including speed, resolution, and scale. Therefore, this review discusses the key requirements that need to be addressed in successfully developing a bioresin. The influence of monomer architecture and bioresin composition on printability is described, along with key fundamental parameters that can be altered to increase printing accuracy. Finally, recent advancements in bioresins are discussed together with future directions.

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Optimized Photoclick (Bio)Resins for Fast Volumetric Bioprinting (Adv. Mater. 49/2021)

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Volumetric Bioprinting of Organoids and Optically Tuned Hydrogels to Build Liver‐Like Metabolic Biofactories

Volumetric Bioprinting of Organoids and Optically Tuned Hydrogels to Build Liver‐Like Metabolic Biofactories

Controlling Light in Scattering Materials for Volumetric Additive Manufacturing

Next Evolution in Organ‐Scale Biofabrication: Bioresin Design for Rapid High‐Resolution Vat Polymerization

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