Optimizing gas stirred ladles by physical modeling and PIV measurements

Jardón-Pérez, Luis E.; Amaro-Villeda, Adrián M.; Conejo, Alberto N.; González‐Rivera, Carlos; Ramírez-Argáez, Marco A.

doi:10.1080/10426914.2017.1401722

Cited by 24 publications

(26 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…Although efforts have been made to optimize the operation of the ladle, in most cases only the minimization of mixing time is considered and the optimization is not performed using formal algorithms [16][17][18][19]. Recently, Mazumdar et al [11] and Jardón-Pérez et al [20] performed optimizations of mixing time and slag eye area in physical models of a ladle using formal algorithms. In both works, optimization was done with the aim of finding the conditions that simultaneously minimize mixing time and the open eye area by setting properly a multi-objective and multi-variable optimization problem.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They suggested controlling the process by varying the height of the bath, the slag thickness, and the gas flow rate for various injection points. Jardón-Pérez et al [20] have performed, additionally, a similarity analysis among Pareto optimal solutions and Pareto characterization to identify the operational rules, which include an optimal injection position with two plugs located at 180 • and 4/5 R, and variation of gas flow rate and slag thickness, in order to operate in three different ranges of mixing time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Differentiated Injection Ratio, Gas Flow Rate, and Slag Thickness on Mixing Time and Open Eye Area in Gas-Stirred Ladle Assisted by Physical Modeling

Jardón-Pérez

González-Morales

Trápaga

et al. 2019

Metals

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In this work, the effects of equal (50%/50%) or differentiated (75%/25%) gas flow ratio, gas flow rate, and slag thickness on mixing time and open eye area were studied in a physical model of a gas stirred ladle with dual plugs separated by an angle of 180°. The effect of the variables under study was determined using a two-level factorial design. Particle image velocimetry (PIV) was used to establish, through the analysis of the flow patterns and turbulence kinetic energy contours, the effect of the studied variables on the hydrodynamics of the system. Results revealed that differentiated injection ratio significantly changes the flow structure and greatly influences the behavior of the system regarding mixing time and open eye area. The Pareto front of the optimized results on both mixing time and open eye area was obtained through a multi-objective optimization using a genetic algorithm (NSGA-II). The results are conclusive in that the ladle must be operated using differentiated flow ratio for optimal performance.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Differentiated Injection Ratio, Gas Flow Rate, and Slag Thickness on Mixing Time and Open Eye Area in Gas-Stirred Ladle Assisted by Physical Modeling

Jardón-Pérez

González-Morales

Trápaga

et al. 2019

Metals

Self Cite

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“…The flow alters path on the free surface, descend along the sidewall from the top left corner of the bath and finally proceed horizontally at the bottom to be redirected into the plume. This creates a circulation loop and prevents the occurrences of a “dead zone” at the bottom of ladle as it was observed by Perez et al in the case where two injectors were employed.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…In the literature, it was pointed out that a higher flow velocity in the plume region can enhance the undesirable slag eye formation . This decreases the efficiency of the ladle process since it increases the rate of reoxidation.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many studies report the major process variables relevant to gas stirred ladle metallurgy and consequently their influences under real ladle operations are now known with a considerable level of accuracy . Independently, different studies have indicated that the gas flow rate is the key determinant in providing sufficient stirring energy while limiting slag eye formation . It is also evident that plug position is not negligible when optimizing the steel refinery operation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Interaction of Injector Design, Bubble Size, Flow Structure, and Turbulence in Ladle Metallurgy

Owusu

Haas

Gajjar

et al. 2018

steel research int.

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In ladle metallurgy, the flow of purge gas through injectors promotes an effective mixing of the melt concerning composition and energy. In this work, different types of gas injectors, positioned eccentrically at 66% of the ladle radius are investigated in terms of the bubble size distribution, the resultant flow field velocity, and turbulent kinetic energy. The experiments are carried out in a 1:3 scale water model of a 185 t ladle using Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and image processing. It is shown that a porous plug provides more intensive bulk convection and a higher degree of turbulence than the other tested injectors. The differences are explained by the generation of smaller bubbles, which transfer more momentum into the liquid. The differences between the injectors are small, though. Thus, it is concluded that in comparison with other process parameters, the type of injector plays a minor role in the efficiency of ladle metallurgy.

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PIV and PLIF measurements of interacting bubble plumes and their role in liquid‐phase mixing in a shallow vessel

2022

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Gas-induced liquid-phase mixing in shallow vessels is important to primary and secondary steel-refining processes and governs the quality of the steel. In the present work, we have investigated the dynamics of meandering bubble plumes and their role in liquid-phase mixing in shallow vessel that corresponds to 1:6 scaled-down model of ladle used in the secondary steel-refining process. The effects of multiple meandering bubble plumes and their interactions on the liquid-phase velocity distribution, recirculatory flow, plume oscillation frequencies, and turbulent kinetic energy are analyzed for different bottom injection configurations using particle image velocimetry measurements. The role of meandering bubble plumes and their interactions in the liquid-phase mixing is analyzed using planar laser-induced fluorescence measurements. ~60% reduction in the mixing time was found with differential flow scheme. Present findings help to understand the contributions of differential flow and bubble plumes interactions to liquid-phase mixing in shallow vessels.

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Optimizing gas stirred ladles by physical modeling and PIV measurements

Cited by 24 publications

References 15 publications

Effect of Differentiated Injection Ratio, Gas Flow Rate, and Slag Thickness on Mixing Time and Open Eye Area in Gas-Stirred Ladle Assisted by Physical Modeling

Effect of Differentiated Injection Ratio, Gas Flow Rate, and Slag Thickness on Mixing Time and Open Eye Area in Gas-Stirred Ladle Assisted by Physical Modeling

Interaction of Injector Design, Bubble Size, Flow Structure, and Turbulence in Ladle Metallurgy

PIV and PLIF measurements of interacting bubble plumes and their role in liquid‐phase mixing in a shallow vessel

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