Optimizing large-scale ageing of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash prior to the advanced metal recovery: Phase I: Monitoring of temperature, moisture content, and CO2 level

Nørgaard, Kristian Petersen; Hykš, Jiri; Mulvad, Jesper Kølbæk; Frederiksen, Jens Ole; Hjelmar, Ole

doi:10.1016/j.wasman.2018.12.019

Cited by 20 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…As the calcium content increased, other calcium-containing compounds such as anhydride (Ca(SO 4 )) decreased. Comparing these results to those obtained by other scientists [1,5,16,36], we concluded that the mineralogical composition of BA from other countries is similar.…”

Section: Effect Of the Ba Natural Weatheringsupporting

confidence: 82%

“…Incineration is one of the most effective technologies used for the treatment of municipal solid waste (MSW) in many industrialized countries [1][2][3]. After MSWI, several types of solid residue, such as bottom ash (BA), fly ash (FA), and boiler ash (BLA), are formed [4][5][6][7].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Sci. 2022, 12, 3419 2 of 15 vitrification [21,22], or weathering (natural and accelerated) [1,16,[23][24][25]. Almost all of these technologies incur substantial additional costs.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Natural Weathering on Stabilization of Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) in MSWI Bottom Ash

2022

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Bottom ash (BA) is the main residue left by municipal solid waste incineration (MSWI). As the circular economy is strengthened, the use of BA in civil engineering is increasing, but its successful use is hampered by heavy metal leaching. In this study, we investigated the influence of natural weathering (6 months) on the stabilization of heavy metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) with different particle sizes in MSWI BA. Natural weathering is the most popular and cost-effective treatment method for BA. During this process, calcium carbonate (CaCO3) is produced, which causes a reduction in heavy metal leaching. We used the following methods in the analysis: The fractionation of BA, XRF, and XRD; an extraction test (LST EN 12457-2:2003); and AAS. The results showed that the concentrations of all elements in BA decreased during natural weathering. An analysis of the mineralogical composition showed a very high (>20%) content of calcium carbonate (CaCO3). The calcium carbonate content increased by 3.2% during weathering because the Ca(OH)2 in fractions <5.6 mm and <40.0 mm was hydrolyzed to CaCO3. Our analysis showed that the metal concentrations (Cu and Pb) in untreated MSWI bottom ash eluate exceeded the limit values, and thus it cannot be used in civil engineering. After three months of stabilization, the heavy metal concentrations were less than the limit values.

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Section: Effect Of the Ba Natural Weatheringsupporting

confidence: 82%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Impact of Natural Weathering on Stabilization of Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) in MSWI Bottom Ash

2022

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“…In addition to these minerals, Anhydrite (CaSO 4 ), Calcium Silicate (Ca 3 SiO 5 ), and Magnetite (Fe 3 O 4 ) can also be seen in the structure of this group of particles. With the increase in calcium content, other calcium-containing compounds such as Anhydride (CaSO 4 ) decreased, consistent with the results obtained by other scientists 25 , 82 , 83 , and shows that the mineralogical composition of different countries is almost equal 25 . During the quenching process, Portlandite was formed when CaO reacted with water.…”

Section: Resultssupporting

confidence: 90%

Analysis of heavy metal, rare, precious, and metallic element content in bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration in Tehran based on particle size

Beikmohammadi,

Yaghmaeian,

Nabizadeh

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

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Waste incineration is increasingly used worldwide for better municipal solid waste management and energy recovery. However, residues resulting from waste incineration, such as Bottom Ash (BA) and Fly Ash (FA), can pose environmental and human health risks due to their physicochemical properties if not managed appropriately. On the other hand, with proper utilization, these residues can be turned into valuable Municipal metal mines. In this study, BA was granulated in various size ranges (< 0.075 mm, 0.075–0.125 mm, 0.125–0.5 mm, 0.5–1 mm, 1–2 mm, 2–4 mm, 4–16 mm, and > 16 mm). The physicochemical properties, heavy metal elements, environmental hazards, and other rare and precious metal elements in each Granulated Bottom Ash (GBA) group from Tehran's waste incineration were examined using ICP-MASS. Additionally, each GBA group's mineralogical properties and elemental composition were determined using X-ray fluorescence (XRF) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The results showed that the average concentration of heavy metals in GBA, including Zn (1974 mg/kg), Cu, and Ba (790 mg/kg), Pb (145 mg/kg), Cr (106 mg/kg), Ni (25 mg/kg), Sn (24 mg/kg), V (25 mg/kg), As (11 mg/kg), and Sb (29 mg/kg), was higher in particles smaller than 4 mm. Precious metals such as gold (average 0.3 mg/kg) and silver (average 11 mg/kg) were significantly higher in GBA particles smaller than 0.5 mm, making their extraction economically feasible. Moreover, rare metals such as Ce, Nd, La, and Y were detected in GBA, with average concentrations of 24, 8, 11, and 7 mg/kg, respectively. The results of this study indicated that BA contains environmentally concerning metals, as well as rare and precious metals, with high concentrations, especially in particles smaller than 4 mm. This highlights the need for proper pre-treatment before using these materials in civil and municipal applications or even landfilling.

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“…CO 2 can be transported into an ash storage pile via atmospheric CO 2 or by CO 2 dissolved in rainwater. The carbonation of IBA has already been studied elsewhere [32][33][34]. In our studies, similar results were obtained, see Figure 7.…”

Section: Environmental Compatability Of Incineration Bottom Ash (Iba)supporting

confidence: 89%

Case Study on Secondary Building Materials for a Greener Economy

Simon

Kalbe

2023

Applied Sciences

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Half of global material consumption involves mineral material. The circularity is still low so that the enhanced use of secondary building material is required to close loops. Three different secondary building materials are discussed based on exemplary research results: construction and demolition waste (C&D waste), soil-like material, and incineration bottom ash (IBA). Focus was placed on the environmental compatibility of the materials examined mainly by standardized leaching tests. C&D waste was investigated after a wet treatment using a jigging machine, and soil-like material and IBA were characterized with respect to their material composition. Their environmental compatibilities in particular were studied using standard leaching tests (batch tests and column tests). It was concluded that soil-like material can mostly be utilized even when the precautionary limit values set are exceeded by a factor of less than two. For C&D waste, the fine fraction below 2 mm and the content of brick material is problematic. IBA fulfills quality level “HMVA-2” following German regulations. Improved levels of utilization might be achievable with better treatment technologies.

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Optimizing large-scale ageing of municipal solid waste incinerator bottom ash prior to the advanced metal recovery: Phase I: Monitoring of temperature, moisture content, and CO2 level

Cited by 20 publications

References 20 publications

Impact of Natural Weathering on Stabilization of Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) in MSWI Bottom Ash

Impact of Natural Weathering on Stabilization of Heavy Metals (Cu, Zn, and Pb) in MSWI Bottom Ash

Analysis of heavy metal, rare, precious, and metallic element content in bottom ash from municipal solid waste incineration in Tehran based on particle size

Case Study on Secondary Building Materials for a Greener Economy

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