Optimizing LC-MS-MS determination of microcystin toxins in natural water and drinking water supplies

Draper, William M.; Xu, Duo; Behniwal, Paramjit; McKinney, Michael; Jayalath, Prasanna; Dhoot, Jagdev S.; Wijekoon, Donald

doi:10.1039/c3ay41328d

Cited by 29 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…As shown in Table 3, it indicated that the direct injection method showed the worst LODs due to the absence of enrichment process [23] . Furthermore, SPE using C 18 cartridge or HLB cartridge is the most common method used for MCs enrichment in water samples, which can effectively improve the sensitivity [24,45] . However, the fatal problem is time-consuming, and laborious especially for large-volume water samples.…”

Section: Limits Of Detection and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-sided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer modified graphene oxide for highly efficient enrichment and fast detection of trace-level microcystins from large-volume water samples combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Pan

Chen

et al. 2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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Section: Limits Of Detection and Quantificationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Double-sided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer modified graphene oxide for highly efficient enrichment and fast detection of trace-level microcystins from large-volume water samples combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Pan

Chen

et al. 2015

Journal of Chromatography A

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“…While MCLR, MCRR, and MCYR are well known for their high toxicity and are frequently detected in eutrophic water bodies in China (Hummert et al 2001;Chen and Xie 2005;Ni et al 2012), MCLF, MCLW, MCLA, and MCLY, and the three undefined variants are rarely reported in China. MCLA has been recorded in natural waters in USA (Draper et al 2013), Canada (Zastepa et al 2014), and Australia (Ho et al 2007Dixon et al 2011); MCLF has been recorded in natural waters in USA (Draper et al 2013), Germany (Fischer et al 2010), Japan (Imanishi et al 2005), and UK (Ishii et al 2004); MCLW has been reported in natural waters in USA (Draper et al 2013), Germany (Fischer et al 2010), and UK (Imanishi et al 2005); and MCLY has been recently reported in natural waters in UK (Imanishi et al 2005). For all the microcystins detected, only MCLR, MCLF, and MCLY were observed in all four sites; other MC variants were found only in one sample site or another, and this may be caused by the closed and steady state of the fish pond.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microcystin accumulation in bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) during a Microcystis-dominated bloom and risk assessment of the dietary intake in a fish pond in China

Zhang

Luo³

2015

Environ Sci Pollut Res

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Microcystins (MCs) produced by cyanobacteria can accumulate in freshwater fish tissues and pose potential risk to human health. In this study, variations in MC content were examined in water samples and fish tissues during a Microcystis aeruginosa-dominated bloom in a fish pond in China, from June 2009 to August 2009. A total of ten microcystin variants were detected in water samples in the fish pond, including MCLR, MCRR, MCYR, MCLF, MCLY, MCLA, and MCLW, and other three undefined MC variants. MCLR was the dominant variant in the water samples, followed by MCLF and MCLY. The highest MC concentration in the common carp (Aristichthys nobilis) was found in the order intestine > spleen > muscle; however, the order with the most MC variants detected was muscle > spleen = kidney = gallbladder > liver = intestine. The highest overall MC concentration detected in the water samples was 12.24 μg L, and the estimated daily intake for humans from the consumption of fish was about 0.48 μg MCLR eq kg body weight (BW), 12-fold the tolerable daily intake (TDI) proposed by the World Health Organization. Therefore, the combined risks from skin exposure and food intake in this fish pond should not be overlooked.

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“…The elution was dried under a nitrogen stream. The residue was re-dissolved in 1 mL to be analyzed in Ultra High-Pressure Liquid Chromatography–Mass Spectrometry (UPLC–MS) [ 88 , 89 , 90 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Detection and quantification of microcystins were performed in ACQUITY QDa Performance MS Detector (Waters Corporation, Milford, CT, USA) equipped with an electrospray ionization source (ESI), capillary voltage of 0.8 kV, using selected ion recording (SIR) with mass 995.60 Da for MC-LR determination. The source off-set was 15 V and the temperature was 400 °C [ 88 , 90 ].…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

First Report on Microcystin-LR Occurrence in Water Reservoirs of Eastern Cuba, and Environmental Trigger Factors

Tito

Luna

Noppe

et al. 2022

Toxins

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The factors related to cyanotoxin occurrence and its social impact, with comprehension and risk perception being the most important issues, are not yet completely understood in the Cuban context. The objectives of this research were to determine the risk extension and microcystin-LR levels, and to identify the environmental factors that trigger the toxic cyanobacteria growth and microcystin-LR occurrence in 24 water reservoirs in eastern Cuba. Samplings were performed in the early morning hours, with in situ determination and physicochemical analysis carried out in the laboratory. Microcystin-LR were determined in water and within the cells (intracellular toxins) using UPLC–MS analysis after solid phase extraction. The reservoirs studied were found to be affected by eutrophication, with high levels of TN:TP ratio and phytoplankton cell concentrations, high water temperatures and low transparency, which cause collateral effect such as cyanobacterial bloom and microcystin-LR occurrence. In Hatillo, Chalóns, Parada, Mícara, Baraguá, Cautillo, La Yaya, Guisa and Jaibo reservoirs, concentrations of MC-LR higher than the WHO limits for drinking water (1 µg·L−1), were detected.

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Optimizing LC-MS-MS determination of microcystin toxins in natural water and drinking water supplies

Cited by 29 publications

References 34 publications

Double-sided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer modified graphene oxide for highly efficient enrichment and fast detection of trace-level microcystins from large-volume water samples combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Double-sided magnetic molecularly imprinted polymer modified graphene oxide for highly efficient enrichment and fast detection of trace-level microcystins from large-volume water samples combined with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry

Microcystin accumulation in bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) during a Microcystis-dominated bloom and risk assessment of the dietary intake in a fish pond in China

First Report on Microcystin-LR Occurrence in Water Reservoirs of Eastern Cuba, and Environmental Trigger Factors

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