Optimizing Lead-free MASnBr₃ Perovskite Solar Cells for High-Efficiency and Long-Term Stability Using Graphene and Advanced Interface Layers

Abstract

Perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have garnered significant attention in the scientific community due to their rapid increase in performance. Inorganic perovskite devices have been noted for their high performance and long-term stability. This study introduces a device optimization process guided by modeling to produce high-efficiency PSCs using lead-free n−i−p methylammonium tin bromide (MASnBr 3 ) materials. We have thoroughly examined the impact of both the absorber and interface layers on the optimized structure. Our approach utilized graphene as the interface layer between the hole transport and absorber layers. We employed zinc oxide (ZnO)/Al and 3C−SiC as interface layers between the absorber and electron transport layers. The optimization process involved adjusting the thicknesses of the absorber layer and interface layers and minimizing defect densities. Our proposed optimized device structure, ZnO/3C−SiC/ MASnBr 3 /graphene/CuO/Au, demonstrates theoretical power conversion efficiencies of 31.97%, fill factors of 89.38%, a current density of 32.54 mA/cm 2 , a voltage of 1.112 V, and a quantum efficiency of 94%. This research underscores the ability of MASnBr 3 as a nontoxic perovskite material for sustainable energy from renewable sources' applications.

Comprehensive investigation of material properties and operational parameters for enhancing performance and stability of FASnI3-based perovskite solar cells

“…The low phase stability observed in organic–inorganic perovskite crystals is typically associated with the halide component 27 , 28 . This rationale supports the selection of formamidinium (FA) or ethyl-ammonium organic cations similar to the conventional property of common methylammonium (MA) 29 , 30 . Introducing FA into MA-based perovskite has resulted in notable thermal and environmental stability improvements and enhanced device performance.…”