Optimizing Peirce–Smith Converters Using Thermodynamic Modeling and Plant Sampling

Cardona, N; Mackey, P. J.; Coursol, P.; Parada, Roberto H.; Parra, Roberto

doi:10.1007/s11837-012-0329-x

Cited by 19 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…5 and 9, the Fe/SiO 2 ratios in the slag at the liquidus of the tridymite and spinel primary phase fields decrease with the increasing Al 2 O 3 concentration in the slag. Between the two liquidus lines, the slag is fully liquid and no solid phase forms [45]. In industrial practice, when the Al 2 O 3 concentration in the raw materials increases, the Fe/SiO 2 ratio in slag needs to be adjusted by adding flux such as silica to obtain a fully liquid slag or a slag with a low solid fraction.…”

Section: Feo-fe 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 Ternary Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase equilibria of FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system at 1200 °C and pO2 of 10−8.6 atm

Tian

Wan

Chen

et al. 2022

Calphad

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Section: Feo-fe 2 O 3 -Al 2 O 3 Ternary Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

Phase equilibria of FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system at 1200 °C and pO2 of 10−8.6 atm

Tian

Wan

Chen

et al. 2022

Calphad

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“…Additional materials that are added to the PSC are silica, air, and industrial oxygen. Silica is added to accelerate metal oxide dissolution in the slag, which provides easy material discharge during the PSC operation and adequate matte/slag separation [23]. Industrial oxygen and air are used to control the PSC temperature for the purpose of keeping the matte and slag in the molten state.…”

Section: Peirce-smith Convertermentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The matte in the PSC contains copper, iron, and sulfur. The proportion of those elements in the matte and process parameters were taken from the literature, and are listed in Table 1 [17,23]. It is assumed that all loading and slag skimming operations take a single unit time and the PSC produces the blister copper with at least 98.75% matte grade.…”

Section: Case Studymentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Scheduling of the Peirce-Smith Converter in the Copper Smelting Process

2021

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Copper losses during the Peirce-Smith converter (PSC) operation is of great concern in the copper smelting process. Two primary objectives of the PSC are to produce blister copper with a shorter batch time and to keep the copper losses at a minimum level. Due to the nature of the process, those two objectives are contradictory to each other. Moreover, actions inside the PSC are subject to several operational constraints that make it difficult to develop a scheduling framework for its optimal operation. In this work, a basic but efficient linear multi-period scheduling framework for the PSC is presented that finds the optimal timings of the PSC operations to keep the copper losses and the batch time at a minimum level. An industrial case study is used to illustrate the effectiveness of the proposed framework. This novel solution can be implemented in other smelting processes and used for the design of an inter-PSC scheduling framework.

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“…In systems containing slags having high Fe/SiO 2 ratios and at high oxygen partial pressures, the spinel (magnetite) phase is formed (Cusanelli et al 1979; Cardona et al 2012). The detailed study of gas/slag/matte/spinel equilibria is important for the development and optimisation of autogenous copper smelting processes but only a few studies provide data on the equilibria between matte and spinel at fixed .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental investigation of gas-matte-spinel and gas-slag-matte-spinel equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system at 1200°C: effect of SO₂ partial pressure

Sineva

Hidayat

Fallah-Mehrjardi

et al. 2021

Mineral Processing and Extractive Metallurgy

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Experimental measurements have been undertaken of the gas-matte-spinel and gas-slagmatte-spinel equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system at 1200°C and p SO2 of 0.1 and 0.6 bar. The technique involved high temperature equilibration of sulfide-oxide mixtures on iron spinel support substrates, preservation of the equilibrium phases by rapid quenching, and direct compositional analysis of the phases using microanalysis techniques. The results, combined with previous data obtained at p SO2 = 0.25 bar show the effects of sulphur dioxide partial pressure on the gas-matte-spinel and gas-slag-matte-spinel equilibria at fixed temperature and as a function of matte grade. For a given matte grade the concentration of dissolved copper in slag is found to decrease with increasing SO 2 partial pressure.

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Optimizing Peirce–Smith Converters Using Thermodynamic Modeling and Plant Sampling

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Phase equilibria of FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system at 1200 °C and pO2 of 10−8.6 atm

Phase equilibria of FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system at 1200 °C and pO2 of 10−8.6 atm

Optimal Scheduling of the Peirce-Smith Converter in the Copper Smelting Process

Experimental investigation of gas-matte-spinel and gas-slag-matte-spinel equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system at 1200°C: effect of SO₂ partial pressure

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Optimizing Peirce–Smith Converters Using Thermodynamic Modeling and Plant Sampling

Cited by 19 publications

References 6 publications

Phase equilibria of FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system at 1200 °C and pO2 of 10−8.6 atm

Phase equilibria of FeOx-SiO2-Al2O3 slag system at 1200 °C and pO2 of 10−8.6 atm

Optimal Scheduling of the Peirce-Smith Converter in the Copper Smelting Process

Experimental investigation of gas-matte-spinel and gas-slag-matte-spinel equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system at 1200°C: effect of SO2 partial pressure

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Product

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Experimental investigation of gas-matte-spinel and gas-slag-matte-spinel equilibria in the Cu-Fe-O-S-Si system at 1200°C: effect of SO₂ partial pressure