Optimizing placements of backhaul hubs and orientations of antennas in small cell networks

Karamad, Ehsan; Adve, Raviraj; Lostanlen, Yves; Letourneux, Florian; Guivarch, Sylvain

doi:10.1109/iccw.2015.7247157

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Current backhauling/fronthauling solutions are based on delivering the traffic of small cells to an aggregation point arXiv:1607.01472v3 [cs.NI] 4 May 2017 (central hub). The optimal hub placement problem has been shown to be NP-complete; as a matter of fact, the LoS hub placement may turn out to be simply infeasible since with ultra-dense small cell deployment, particularly in ultradense urban areas, some small cells are deployed in hard to reach areas in which LOS propagation is impossible [3]. In such scenarios, RF non-LOS point-to-multipoint (NLOS PtM) solutions which rely on licensed sub-6 GHz spectrum or microwave frequencies could be used at the expense of severe interference, congestion and higher cost [2].…”

Section: A Overview Of Backhauling/fronthaulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

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FSO-Based Vertical Backhaul/Fronthaul Framework for 5G+ Wireless Networks

et al. 2018

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The presence of a super high rate, but also cost-efficient, easy-to-deploy, and scalable, backhaul/fronthaul framework is essential in the upcoming fifth-generation (5G) wireless networks & beyond. Motivated by the mounting interest in the unmanned flying platforms of various types including unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs), drones, balloons, and high-altitude/medium-altitude/low-altitude platforms (HAPs/MAPs/LAPs), which we refer to as the networked flying platforms (NFPs), for providing communications services and the recent advances in free-space optics (FSO), this article investigates the feasibility of a novel vertical backhaul/fronthaul framework where the NFPs transport the backhaul/fronthaul traffic between the access and core networks via point-to-point FSO links. The performance of the proposed innovative approach is investigated under different weather conditions and a broad range of system parameters. Simulation results demonstrate that the FSO-based vertical backhaul/fronthaul framework can offer data rates higher than the baseline alternatives, and thus can be considered as a promising solution to the emerging backhaul/fronthaul requirements of the 5G+ wireless networks, particularly in the presence of ultra-dense heterogeneous small cells. The paper also presents the challenges that accompany such a novel framework and provides some key ideas towards overcoming these challenges.Index Terms-Free-space optics (FSO); 5G+ wireless networks; vertical backhaul/fronthaul; heterogeneous networks (HetNets); radio access network (RAN); networked flying platforms (NFPs); unmanned aerial vehicle (UAV); drones; low altitude platform (LAP); medium altitude platform (MAP); high altitude platform (HAP); link budget.

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Section: A Overview Of Backhauling/fronthaulingmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The connectivity between SBSs or aggregation points and the NFPs is also based on PtP FSO beams. Each SBS with a clear LOS link with a NFP delivers/receives its uplink/downlink traffic to/from the intended NFP via FSO link 3 . On the other hand, SBSs with no LOS with a NFP can be served by a nearby SBS which has a clear LOS with a NFP.…”

Section: Proposed Systemmentioning

confidence: 99%

FSO-Based Vertical Backhaul/Fronthaul Framework for 5G+ Wireless Networks

et al. 2018

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“…Var I (b) qn = p 2 c Var Q q ′ =q μ2 q ′ lq ′ (x qn , y qn ) ḡH q ′ ,qn Ḡq ′ a q ′ 2 (a) = Q q ′ =q p c μ2 q ′ lq ′ (x qn , y qn ) 2 Var a H q ′ ḠH q ′ ḡq ′ ,qn ḡH q ′ ,qn Ḡq ′ a q ′ = Q q ′ =q p c μ2 q ′ lq ′ (x qn , y qn ) Ḡq,qn ′ b qn lq (x qn ′ , y qn ′ ) 2 = p c μ2 q lq (x qn , y qn )E b H qn ḠH q,qn Υ q a q 2 = p c μ2 q lq (x qn , y qn )E a H q Υ H q Ḡq,qn b qn b H qn ḠH q,qn Υ q a q (a)…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…It also establishes difficulties in designing the network because the communication on the fronthaul (CU-to-RRH) and on the access (RRH-to-user) channels are dependent. In turn, the fronthaul scheme and the deployed locations of the RRHs affect network performance, thus both must be chosen carefully [2].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis and Design of Distributed MIMO Networks with a Wireless Fronthaul

Ammar¹,

Adve²,

Shahbazpanahi³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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We consider the analysis and design of distributed wireless networks wherein remote radio heads (RRHs) coordinate transmissions to serve multiple users on the same resource block (RB). Specifically, we analyze two possible multiple-input multiple-output wireless fronthaul solutions: multicast and zero forcing (ZF) beamforming. We develop a statistical model for the fronthaul rate and, coupled with an analysis of the user access rate, we optimize the placement of the RRHs. This model allows us to formulate the location optimization problem with a statistical constraint on fronthaul outage. Our results are cautionary, showing that the fronthaul requires considerable bandwidth to enable joint service to users. This requirement can be relaxed by serving a low number of users on the same RB. Additionally, we show that, with a fixed number of antennas, for the multicast fronthaul, it is prudent to concentrate these antennas on a few RRHs. However, for the ZF beamforming fronthaul, it is better to distribute the antennas on more RRHs. For the parameters chosen, using a ZF beamforming fronthaul improves the typical access rate by approximately 8% compared to multicast. Crucially, our work quantifies the effect of these fronthaul solutions and provides an effective tool for the design of distributed networks.

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“…Some studies consider placement of relay nodes inside cells to improve signal quality at cell edges [14], [15], yet the capacity boost obtained through simple radio frequency (RF) amplification and relaying is limited. Other studies consider addition of small-cell base stations inside a macrocell, each receiving wireless backhaul directly from the wired macro-BS, forming a backhaul network with star topology [4], [16], [17]. In [18], a multihop network is considered in the form of a row of nodes inside one street along with one wired node that acts as a gateway.…”

Section: B Related Workmentioning

confidence: 99%

Joint Routing and Resource Allocation for Millimeter Wave Picocellular Backhaul

Rasekh¹,

Guo²,

Madhow³

2018

Preprint

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Picocellular architectures are essential for providing the spatial reuse required to satisfy the everincreasing demand for mobile data. A key deployment challenge is to provide backhaul connections with sufficiently high data rate. Providing wired support (e.g., using optical fiber) to pico base stations deployed opportunistically on lampposts and rooftops is impractical, hence wireless backhaul becomes an attractive approach. A multihop mesh network comprised of directional millimeter wave links is considered here for this purpose. The backhaul design problem is formulated as one of joint routing and resource allocation, accounting for mutual interference across simultaneously active links. A computationally tractable formulation is developed by leveraging the localized nature of interference and the provable existence of a sparse optimal allocation. Numerical results are provided for millimeter (mm) wave mesh networks, which are well suited for scaling backhaul data rates due to abundance of spectrum, and the ability to form highly directional, electronically steerable beams.

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Optimizing placements of backhaul hubs and orientations of antennas in small cell networks

Cited by 15 publications

References 23 publications

FSO-Based Vertical Backhaul/Fronthaul Framework for 5G+ Wireless Networks

FSO-Based Vertical Backhaul/Fronthaul Framework for 5G+ Wireless Networks

Analysis and Design of Distributed MIMO Networks with a Wireless Fronthaul

Joint Routing and Resource Allocation for Millimeter Wave Picocellular Backhaul

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